Maziarz Mindy Patterson, Preisendanz Sara, Juma Shanil, Imrhan Victorine, Prasad Chandan, Vijayagopal Parakat
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, P.O Box 425888, Denton, TX, 76204, USA.
Nutr J. 2017 Feb 21;16(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0235-8.
High-amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (HAM-RS2) stimulates gut-derived satiety peptides and reduces adiposity in animals. Human studies have not supported these findings despite improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity after HAM-RS2 intake which can lower adiposity-related disease risk. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HAM-RS2 consumption on blood glucose homeostasis in overweight, healthy adults. We also examined changes in biomarkers of satiety (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], peptide YY [PYY], and leptin) and body composition determined by anthropometrics and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, dietary intake, and subjective satiety measured by a visual analogue scale following HAM-RS2 consumption.
Using a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm, double-blind design, 18 overweight, healthy adults consumed either muffins enriched with 30 g HAM-RS2 (n = 11) or 0 g HAM-RS2 (control; n = 7) daily for 6 weeks. The HAM-RS2 and control muffins were similar in total calories and available carbohydrate.
At baseline, total PYY concentrations were significantly higher 120 min following the consumption of study muffins in the HAM-RS2 group than control group (P = 0.043). Within the HAM-RS2 group, the area under the curve (AUC) glucose (P = 0.028), AUC leptin (P = 0.022), and postprandial 120-min leptin (P = 0.028) decreased independent of changes in body composition or overall energy intake at the end of 6 weeks. Fasting total PYY increased (P = 0.033) in the HAM-RS2 group, but changes in insulin or total GLP-1 were not observed. Mean overall change in subjective satiety score did not correlate with mean AUC biomarker changes suggesting the satiety peptides did not elicit a satiation response or change in overall total caloric intake. The metabolic response from HAM-RS2 occurred despite the habitual intake of a moderate-to-high-fat diet (mean range 34.5% to 39.4% of total calories).
Consuming 30 g HAM-RS2 daily for 6 weeks can improve glucose homeostasis, lower leptin concentrations, and increase fasting PYY in healthy overweight adults without impacting body composition and may aid in the prevention of chronic disease. However, between-group differences in biomarkers were not observed and future research is warranted before specific recommendations can be made.
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高直链玉米抗性淀粉2型（HAM-RS2）可刺激肠道产生饱腹感肽，并减少动物体内的脂肪堆积。尽管摄入HAM-RS2后葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素敏感性有所改善，这可能降低与肥胖相关的疾病风险，但人体研究并未支持这些发现。本研究的主要目的是评估食用HAM-RS2对超重健康成年人血糖稳态的影响。我们还检测了饱腹感生物标志物（胰高血糖素样肽-1 [GLP-1]、肽YY [PYY]和瘦素）的变化，以及通过人体测量学和双能X线吸收法测定的身体成分、饮食摄入量，以及食用HAM-RS2后通过视觉模拟量表测量的主观饱腹感。
采用随机对照、平行组、双盲设计，18名超重健康成年人每天食用富含30 g HAM-RS2的松饼（n = 11）或不含HAM-RS2的松饼（对照组；n = 7），持续6周。HAM-RS2松饼和对照松饼的总热量和可利用碳水化合物含量相似。
在基线时，HAM-RS2组食用研究松饼120分钟后，总PYY浓度显著高于对照组（P = 0.043）。在HAM-RS2组内，6周结束时，葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）（P = 0.028）、瘦素AUC（P = 0.022）和餐后120分钟瘦素（P = 0.028）下降，与身体成分或总体能量摄入的变化无关。HAM-RS2组空腹总PYY增加（P = 0.033），但未观察到胰岛素或总GLP-1的变化。主观饱腹感评分的总体平均变化与生物标志物AUC的平均变化不相关，这表明饱腹感肽未引起饱腹感反应或总体总热量摄入的变化。尽管习惯性摄入中高脂肪饮食（平均占总热量的34.5%至39.4%），HAM-RS2仍产生了代谢反应。
健康超重成年人每天食用30 g HAM-RS2，持续6周，可改善血糖稳态，降低瘦素浓度，增加空腹PYY，且不影响身体成分，可能有助于预防慢性病。然而，未观察到生物标志物的组间差异，在提出具体建议之前，有必要进行进一步研究。
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