Matar Nayla, Portes Cristel, Lancia Leonardo, Legou Thierry, Baider Fabienne
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, LebanonAix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France.
Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2016 Dec 1;59(6):S1608-S1617. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0047.
Women with Reinke's edema (RW) report being mistaken for men during telephone conversations. For this reason, their masculine-sounding voices are interesting for the study of gender stereotypes. The study's objective is to verify their complaint and to understand the cues used in gender identification.
Using a self-evaluation study, we verified RW's perception of their own voices. We compared the acoustic parameters of vowels produced by 10 RW to those produced by 10 men and 10 women with healthy voices (hereafter referred to as NW) in Lebanese Arabic. We conducted a perception study for the evaluation of RW, healthy men's, and NW voices by naïve listeners.
RW self-evaluated their voices as masculine and their gender identities as feminine. The acoustic parameters that distinguish RW from NW voices concern fundamental frequency, spectral slope, harmonicity of the voicing signal, and complexity of the spectral envelope. Naïve listeners very often rate RW as surely masculine.
Listeners may rate RW's gender incorrectly. These incorrect gender ratings are correlated with acoustic measures of fundamental frequency and voice quality. Further investigations will reveal the contribution of each of these parameters to gender perception and guide the treatment plan of patients complaining of a gender ambiguous voice.
患有莱因克水肿（RW）的女性报告称在电话交谈中被误认为男性。因此，她们听起来具有男性特征的声音对于性别刻板印象的研究很有趣。该研究的目的是核实她们的抱怨，并了解性别识别中所使用的线索。
通过一项自我评估研究，我们核实了RW对自己声音的感知。我们将10名RW所发出元音的声学参数与10名男性和10名声音健康的女性（以下简称NW）在黎巴嫩阿拉伯语中发出元音的声学参数进行了比较。我们开展了一项感知研究，由未受过专业训练的听众对RW、健康男性和NW的声音进行评估。
RW自我评估自己的声音具有男性特征，而其性别认同为女性。将RW的声音与NW的声音区分开来的声学参数涉及基频、频谱斜率、发声信号的谐波性以及频谱包络的复杂性。未受过专业训练的听众常常肯定地将RW评定为男性。
听众可能会对RW的性别做出错误评定。这些错误的性别评定与基频和语音质量的声学测量结果相关。进一步的研究将揭示这些参数中的每一个对性别感知的贡献，并指导抱怨声音性别模糊的患者的治疗方案。
