Ofstad Endre Grüner, Herfindal Ivar, Solberg Erling Johan, Sæther Bernt-Erik
Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Proc Biol Sci. 2016 Dec 28;283(1845). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1234.
The spatial scale of animal space use, e.g. measured as individual home range size, is a key trait with important implications for ecological and evolutionary processes as well as management and conservation of populations and ecosystems. Explaining variation in home range size has therefore received great attention in ecological research. However, few studies have examined multiple hypotheses simultaneously, which is important provided the complex interactions between life history, social system and behaviour. Here, we review previous studies on home range size in ungulates, supplementing with a meta-analysis, to assess how differences in habitat use and species characteristics affect the relationship between body mass and home range size. Habitat type was the main factor explaining interspecific differences in home range size after accounting for species body mass and group size. Species using open habitats had larger home ranges for a given body mass than species using closed habitats, whereas species in open habitats showed a much weaker allometric relationship compared with species living in closed habitats. We found no support for relationships between home range size and species diet or mating system, or any sexual differences. These patterns suggest that the spatial scale of animal movement mainly is a combined effect of body mass, group size and the landscape structure. Accordingly, landscape management must acknowledge the influence of spatial distribution of habitat types on animal behaviour to ensure natural processes affecting demography and viability of ungulate populations.
动物空间利用的空间尺度，例如以个体家域大小来衡量，是一个关键特征，对生态和进化过程以及种群和生态系统的管理与保护具有重要意义。因此，解释家域大小的变化在生态学研究中受到了极大关注。然而，很少有研究同时检验多个假设，鉴于生活史、社会系统和行为之间存在复杂的相互作用，这一点很重要。在这里，我们回顾了以往关于有蹄类动物家域大小的研究，并辅以荟萃分析，以评估栖息地利用和物种特征的差异如何影响体重与家域大小之间的关系。在考虑物种体重和群体大小之后，栖息地类型是解释家域大小种间差异的主要因素。对于给定体重的物种，使用开阔栖息地的物种比使用封闭栖息地的物种具有更大的家域，而与生活在封闭栖息地的物种相比，开阔栖息地的物种异速生长关系要弱得多。我们没有发现家域大小与物种饮食或交配系统之间存在关系，也没有发现任何性别差异。这些模式表明，动物运动的空间尺度主要是体重、群体大小和景观结构共同作用的结果。因此，景观管理必须认识到栖息地类型的空间分布对动物行为的影响，以确保影响有蹄类种群数量和生存能力的自然过程。
