美国“美国鼻烟”和在美国马萨诸塞州销售的瑞典鼻烟产品的特点。
Characteristics of "American Snus" and Swedish Snus Products for Sale in Massachusetts, USA.
机构信息
Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Office of the Director, School of Oral Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jan 5;20(2):262-266. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw334.
INTRODUCTION
Snus may present lower health risks than cigarettes, but its harm reduction potential may be undermined if used dually with cigarettes. The likelihood of exclusive snus use compared with dual use may depend in part on the capacity of snus to deliver nicotine in doses that are satisfactory to smokers. We examined characteristics of "American snus" products, including nicotine levels, and compared to snus products that are more typical of Sweden.
METHODS
Tobacco industry reports for snus products submitted to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for the year 2014 were used to assess moisture (%), pH, total nicotine, and unionized (free) nicotine (both mg/g and percent of total). A total of 14 ("American") snus products made by American manufacturers Philip Morris USA (n = 6), R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (n = 6), and US Smokeless Tobacco Company (n = 2), were compared with Swedish-style ("Swedish") snus products (n = 10) made by Swedish Match North America.
RESULTS
Compared with Swedish snus, American snus brands contained significantly lower concentrations of unionized nicotine (median: 0.52 mg/g vs. 6.52 mg/g; p < .001) and proportion of unionized nicotine (median: 3.17% vs. 81.8%; p < .001). American snus brands also had significantly lower pH (median: 6.54 vs. 8.68; p < .001) and moisture (median: 30.3% vs. 53.4%; p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Swedish-made snus has higher unionized nicotine, measured by concentration and proportion of total nicotine, compared with snus products made by American manufacturers. These findings suggest that American snus products have lower addiction potential than Swedish snus, and may be more likely to be used dually with cigarettes than as a sole source of nicotine.
IMPLICATIONS
American snus products contain significantly lower unionized nicotine, lower pH, and lower moisture, compared with Swedish snus products. Snus addiction potential and patterns of usage, including co-use with cigarettes, may differ between American and Swedish snus products due to differences in snus product characteristics.
简介
鼻烟可能比香烟的健康风险低，但如果与香烟同时使用，其减少危害的潜力可能会受到影响。与双重使用相比，独家使用鼻烟的可能性可能部分取决于鼻烟在剂量上提供尼古丁的能力，这些剂量对吸烟者来说是令人满意的。我们检查了“美国鼻烟”产品的特性，包括尼古丁水平，并将其与更典型的瑞典鼻烟产品进行了比较。
方法
使用提交给马萨诸塞州公共卫生部的 2014 年鼻烟产品烟草业报告，评估水分（%）、pH 值、总尼古丁和未离解（游离）尼古丁（mg/g 和总尼古丁的百分比）。总共比较了由美国制造商菲利普莫里斯美国公司（n = 6）、雷诺烟草公司（n = 6）和美国无烟烟草公司（n = 2）生产的 14 种（“美国”）鼻烟产品与瑞典火柴北美公司生产的瑞典风格（“瑞典”）鼻烟产品（n = 10）。
结果
与瑞典鼻烟相比，美国鼻烟品牌的未离解尼古丁浓度（中位数：0.52 mg/g 与 6.52 mg/g；p <.001）和未离解尼古丁比例（中位数：3.17%与 81.8%；p <.001）显著降低。美国鼻烟品牌的 pH 值（中位数：6.54 与 8.68；p <.001）和水分（中位数：30.3%与 53.4%；p <.001）也显著降低。
结论
与由美国制造商生产的鼻烟产品相比，瑞典制造的鼻烟具有更高的未离解尼古丁，通过浓度和总尼古丁的比例来衡量。这些发现表明，与瑞典鼻烟相比，美国鼻烟产品的成瘾潜力较低，与香烟同时使用的可能性可能高于作为尼古丁的唯一来源。
启示
与瑞典鼻烟产品相比，美国鼻烟产品的未离解尼古丁、pH 值和水分含量显著降低。由于鼻烟产品特性的差异，美国和瑞典鼻烟产品的鼻烟成瘾潜力和使用模式，包括与香烟的共同使用，可能会有所不同。
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