Bourchtein Elizaveta, Langberg Joshua M, Owens Julie S, Evans Steven W, Perera Robert A
Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017 Aug;45(6):1063-1075. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0248-3.
The goal of this study was to use novel approaches that do not require the use of arbitrary cut-points (i.e., latent profile/transition analysis) to evaluate the prevalence and stability of the positive illusory bias (PIB) in young adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 326 middle-school students diagnosed with ADHD (Mage = 12.26 years, 71% male, 77% Caucasian). The Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) was completed by participants and their parents at baseline and again 12 and 18 months later. Cross-sectional results revealed four subgroups based on SPPC responses. Only a small subset (18.4%) of youth with ADHD exhibited a global PIB, across the behavioral, scholastic, and social domains, with an additional 29% displaying a PIB in the scholastic domain only. Additionally, average parent/adolescent-rated competence within each subgroup was in line with an objective measure of scholastic competence (i.e., grades). When examined longitudinally, only a PIB in the social domain was stable across the 18-month study period and only for half of the sample. These findings suggest that the PIB is not ubiquitous in youth with ADHD, with many young adolescents rating themselves accurately relative to their parents and their grades. Further, when stability across time is considered, the PIB may be specific to social functioning, as opposed to a global, cross-domain phenomenon. Implications for the future measurement of the PIB are discussed.
本研究的目的是使用无需设定任意临界点的新颖方法（即潜在剖面/转换分析）来评估患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年中积极错觉偏差（PIB）的患病率和稳定性。研究对象为326名被诊断患有ADHD的中学生（平均年龄=12.26岁，71%为男性，77%为白种人）。参与者及其父母在基线时完成了儿童自我认知量表（SPPC），并在12个月和18个月后再次完成该量表。横断面结果显示，根据SPPC的回答可分为四个亚组。在行为、学业和社交领域，只有一小部分（18.4%）患有ADHD的青少年表现出全面的PIB，另有29%仅在学业领域表现出PIB。此外，每个亚组中父母/青少年评定的平均能力与学业能力的客观指标（即成绩）相符。纵向研究发现，在18个月的研究期内，只有社交领域的PIB是稳定的，且仅针对一半的样本。这些发现表明，PIB在患有ADHD的青少年中并非普遍存在，许多青少年对自己的评价相对于父母和成绩而言是准确的。此外，考虑到随时间的稳定性，PIB可能特定于社会功能，而不是一种全面的跨领域现象。本文还讨论了对未来PIB测量的启示。
