Salgado-Maldonado Guillermo, Novelo-Turcotte María Teresa, Caspeta-Mandujano Juan Manuel, Vazquez-Hurtado Gabriela, Quiroz-Martínez Benjamin, Mercado-Silva Norman, Favila Mario
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio de Helmintología, Apartado Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Laboratorio de Parasitología de Animales Silvestres, Avenida Universidad Número 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Parasite. 2016;23:61. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2016073. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
In a tropical locality of Río La Antigua, Veracruz, Mexico, 11 fish species, represented by 244 individual fish from six freshwater fish families living sympatrically and synchronically, were examined for helminth parasites. A total of 36 taxa of helminths were recorded, 24 autogenic and 12 allogenic forms, including 6 monogeneans, 14 trematodes, 1 cestode, and 15 nematodes. Most helminth taxa were recovered for 10/11 of the component communities we analyzed. The results contribute empirical evidence that host specificity is an important force in the development of helminth communities of freshwater fishes. Each fish family has their own set of parasites, host species belonging to the same taxon share parasite species. High component community similarity among related host species was recorded, demonstrated by high prevalence and abundance, as well as dominance, of autogenic specialist species in each component community. Most autogenic helminth species are numerically and reproductively successful in relatively few host species. Autogenic helminths common in one host species are not common in others. Our findings give empirical support to the idea that low levels of sharing of parasites favor animal coexistence and high species richness, because large phylogenetic differences allow potentially competing animals to consume the same resources without being sensitive of another's parasites.
在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州里奥拉安提瓜的一个热带地区，对来自六个淡水鱼科、共栖且同时存在的244条个体鱼所代表的11种鱼类进行了蠕虫寄生虫检查。共记录了36个蠕虫分类单元，其中24个是自生型，12个是异体型，包括6种单殖吸虫、14种吸虫、1种绦虫和15种线虫。在我们分析的11个组成群落中，有10个群落发现了大多数蠕虫分类单元。这些结果提供了实证证据，表明宿主特异性是淡水鱼蠕虫群落发展中的一个重要因素。每个鱼科都有其自己的寄生虫组合，属于同一分类单元的宿主物种共享寄生虫种类。记录到相关宿主物种之间的组成群落相似度很高，这表现为每个组成群落中自生特化物种的高流行率、高丰度以及优势度。大多数自生蠕虫物种在相对较少的宿主物种中数量上和繁殖上都很成功。在一个宿主物种中常见的自生蠕虫在其他宿主物种中并不常见。我们的研究结果为以下观点提供了实证支持：寄生虫的低共享水平有利于动物共存和高物种丰富度，因为较大的系统发育差异使潜在的竞争动物能够消耗相同的资源而不受其他动物寄生虫的影响。
