Lahey Benjamin B, Krueger Robert F, Rathouz Paul J, Waldman Irwin D, Zald David H
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago.
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Psychol Bull. 2017 Feb;143(2):142-186. doi: 10.1037/bul0000069. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
We propose a taxonomy of psychopathology based on patterns of shared causal influences identified in a review of multivariate behavior genetic studies that distinguish genetic and environmental influences that are either common to multiple dimensions of psychopathology or unique to each dimension. At the phenotypic level, first-order dimensions are defined by correlations among symptoms; correlations among first-order dimensions similarly define higher-order domains (e.g., internalizing or externalizing psychopathology). We hypothesize that the robust phenotypic correlations among first-order dimensions reflect a . Some nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk for all first-order dimensions of psychopathology to varying degrees through a general factor of psychopathology. Other nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk only for all first-order dimensions within a more specific higher-order domain. Furthermore, each first-order dimension has its own unique causal influences. Genetic and environmental influences common to family members tend to be nonspecific, whereas environmental influences unique to each individual are more dimension-specific. We posit that these causal influences on psychopathology are moderated by sex and developmental processes. This causal taxonomy also provides a novel framework for understanding the of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the 3 levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们基于对多变量行为遗传学研究的综述中确定的共同因果影响模式，提出了一种精神病理学分类法，该分类法区分了精神病理学多个维度共有的遗传和环境影响，以及每个维度独有的遗传和环境影响。在表型层面，一阶维度由症状之间的相关性定义；一阶维度之间的相关性同样定义了高阶领域（例如，内化或外化精神病理学）。我们假设一阶维度之间强大的表型相关性反映了一个……一些非特异性病因因素通过精神病理学的一般因素，不同程度地增加了所有精神病理学一阶维度的风险。其他非特异性病因因素仅增加更特定高阶领域内所有一阶维度的风险。此外，每个一阶维度都有其自身独特的因果影响。家庭成员共有的遗传和环境影响往往是非特异性的，而每个个体独有的环境影响则更具维度特异性。我们认为，这些对精神病理学的因果影响受到性别和发育过程的调节。这种因果分类法还为理解每个一阶维度的……提供了一个新框架：表现出相似症状的不同个体可能受到病因层次结构三个层面中每个层面病因影响的不同组合的影响。此外，我们将提出的因果分类法与跨维度心理生物学过程联系起来，这些过程也会影响每种精神病理学维度的异质性。这种因果分类法意味着在研究精神病理学的病因、心理生物学、预防和治疗策略方面需要做出改变。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
