Bellem Hanna, Klüver Malte, Schrauf Michael, Schöner Hans-Peter, Hecht Heiko, Krems Josef F
Daimler AG, Sindelfingen, Germany.
Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Hum Factors. 2017 May;59(3):442-456. doi: 10.1177/0018720816682647. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
To lay the basis of studying autonomous driving comfort using driving simulators, we assessed the behavioral validity of two moving-base simulator configurations by contrasting them with a test-track setting.
With increasing level of automation, driving comfort becomes increasingly important. Simulators provide a safe environment to study perceived comfort in autonomous driving. To date, however, no studies were conducted in relation to comfort in autonomous driving to determine the extent to which results from simulator studies can be transferred to on-road driving conditions.
Participants ( N = 72) experienced six differently parameterized lane-change and deceleration maneuvers and subsequently rated the comfort of each scenario. One group of participants experienced the maneuvers on a test-track setting, whereas two other groups experienced them in one of two moving-base simulator configurations.
We could demonstrate relative and absolute validity for one of the two simulator configurations. Subsequent analyses revealed that the validity of the simulator highly depends on the parameterization of the motion system.
Moving-base simulation can be a useful research tool to study driving comfort in autonomous vehicles. However, our results point at a preference for subunity scaling factors for both lateral and longitudinal motion cues, which might be explained by an underestimation of speed in virtual environments.
In line with previous studies, we recommend lateral- and longitudinal-motion scaling factors of approximately 50% to 60% in order to obtain valid results for both active and passive driving tasks.
为利用驾驶模拟器研究自动驾驶舒适性奠定基础，我们通过将两种动基座模拟器配置与试验场环境进行对比，评估了它们的行为有效性。
随着自动化程度的提高，驾驶舒适性变得越来越重要。模拟器为研究自动驾驶中的感知舒适性提供了一个安全的环境。然而，迄今为止，尚未开展与自动驾驶舒适性相关的研究，以确定模拟器研究结果可转移到实际道路驾驶条件的程度。
参与者（N = 72）体验了六种参数不同的变道和减速操作，随后对每个场景的舒适性进行评分。一组参与者在试验场环境中体验这些操作，而另外两组参与者在两种动基座模拟器配置之一中体验。
我们能够证明两种模拟器配置之一的相对有效性和绝对有效性。后续分析表明，模拟器的有效性高度依赖于运动系统的参数设置。
动基座模拟可以成为研究自动驾驶车辆驾驶舒适性的有用研究工具。然而，我们的结果表明，对于横向和纵向运动线索，次单位缩放因子更受青睐，这可能是由于虚拟环境中速度被低估所致。
与先前的研究一致，我们建议采用约50%至60%的横向和纵向运动缩放因子，以便在主动和被动驾驶任务中都能获得有效的结果。
