Framenau Volker W, Baehr Barbara C
Phoenix Environmental Sciences, 1/511 Wanneroo Road, Balcatta, Western Australia 6021, Australia. School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC,Western Australia 6986, Australia..
Zootaxa. 2016 Dec 23;4213(1):zootaxa.4213.1.1. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1.
The Australian wolf spider (Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833) genus Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959 with Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905 as type species is revised to include 14 species: T. godeffroyi (L. Koch, 1865), comb. nov. (= Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.; = Lycosa zualella Strand, 1907, syn. nov.; = Lycosa woodwardi Simon, 1909, syn. nov.); T. fulgor sp. nov.; T. gilberta (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov.; T. harmsi sp. nov.; T. hughjackmani sp. nov.; T. kochorum sp. nov.; T. leuckartii (Thorell, 1870), comb. nov. (= Lycosa molyneuxi Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. musgravei (McKay, 1974) comb. nov.; T. phyllis (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov. (= Lycosa stirlingae Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. ramosa (L. Koch, 1877), comb. nov.; T. salmo sp. nov.; T. semicincta (L. Koch, 1877) comb. nov.; T. stella sp. nov.; and T. subrufa (Karsch, 1878) comb. nov. Within the Australian wolf spider fauna, the genus Tasmanicosa can be diagnosed by the distinct pattern of radiating light and dark lines forming a "Union-Jack" pattern on the carapace. Male pedipalp morphology identifies the genus as part of the subfamily Lycosinae Sundevall, 1833 due to the presence of a transverse tegular apophysis with dorsal groove guiding the embolus during copulation. However, genital morphology is variable and a synapomorphy based on male pedipalp or female epigyne morphology could not be identified. Members of Tasmanicosa are comparatively large spiders (body length ca. 12-30 mm), that build a shallow burrow, which is sometimes covered with a flimsy trapdoor. Species of Tasmanicosa are largely a Bassian faunal element with preference for open woodlands and/or floodplains, although some species can be found into the semi-arid Australian interior. Two Australian wolf spider species may represent Tasmanicosa based on their original descriptions, but due to immature types in combination with the somatic similarities of all Tasmanicosa species, cannot be identified with certainty. They are therefore considered nomina dubia: Lycosa excusor L. Koch, 1867 and Lycosa infensa L. Koch, 1877. The type species of Orthocosa Roewer, 1960 is transferred to Tasmanicosa; however, in order to prevent some non-Australian wolf spiders in the genus Orthocosa to be transferred into Tasmanicosa, which is considered endemic to Australia, we here place these species into more appropriate genera based on their original descriptions pending a future revision of these species: Arctosa ambigua Denis, 1947 comb. reval.; Alopecosa orophila (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov.; Hygrolycosa tokinagai Saito, 1936 comb. reval. Orthocosa sternomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is considered a junior synonym of Hogna birabeni (Mello-Leitão, 1943) comb. nov.
澳大利亚狼蛛(狼蛛科,松德瓦尔,1833年),塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属(罗厄尔,1959年),以霍格于1905年命名的塔斯马尼亚狼蛛为模式种,现修订为包含14个物种:戈德弗罗伊塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(L. 科赫,1865年),新组合(= 霍格于1905年命名的塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新异名;= 施特兰德于1907年命名的祖阿莱拉狼蛛,新异名;= 西蒙于1909年命名的伍德华迪狼蛛,新异名);富尔戈尔塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;吉尔伯塔塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(霍格,1905年),新组合;哈姆斯塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;休杰克曼塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;科赫塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;勒卡蒂塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(托雷尔,1870年),新组合(= 霍格于1905年命名的莫利纽克斯狼蛛,新异名);马斯格雷夫塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(麦凯,1974年),新组合;菲利斯塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(霍格,1905年),新组合(= 霍格于1905年命名的斯特林狼蛛,新异名);拉莫萨塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(L. 科赫,1877年),新组合;萨尔莫塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;半环塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(L. 科赫,1877年),新组合;斯特拉塔斯马尼亚狼蛛,新物种;以及亚鲁法塔斯马尼亚狼蛛(卡尔施,1878年),新组合。在澳大利亚狼蛛动物区系中,塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属可通过在头胸甲上形成“米字旗”图案的独特辐射状明暗线图案来鉴别。雄性触肢形态将该属鉴定为1833年松德瓦尔狼蛛亚科的一部分,这是由于存在一个横向的 tegular 突起,在交配时背侧沟引导着插入器。然而,生殖器形态是可变的,无法确定基于雄性触肢或雌性外雌器形态的共衍征。塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属的成员是相对较大的蜘蛛(体长约12 - 30毫米),会建造一个浅洞穴,有时会覆盖一个脆弱的活板门。塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属的物种在很大程度上是巴斯海峡动物区系的组成部分,偏好开阔林地和/或洪泛平原,尽管一些物种也能在澳大利亚半干旱内陆地区发现。根据最初的描述,有两种澳大利亚狼蛛可能代表塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属,但由于类型标本不成熟,再加上所有塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属物种的体表相似性,无法确定其归属。因此,它们被视为疑名:科赫于1867年命名的Lycosa excusor和科赫于1877年命名的Lycosa infensa。1960年的Orthocosa属的模式种被转移到塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属;然而,为了防止Orthocosa属中的一些非澳大利亚狼蛛被转移到被认为是澳大利亚特有的塔斯马尼亚狼蛛属,我们在此根据它们最初的描述将这些物种归入更合适的属,以待对这些物种进行未来的修订:1947年命名的Arctosa ambigua,新组合;1887年命名的Alopecosa orophila(托雷尔),新组合;1936年命名的Hygrolycosa tokinagai(斋藤),新组合。1943年命名的Orthocosa sternomaculata(梅洛 - 莱陶)被认为是1943年命名的Hogna birabeni(梅洛 - 莱陶)的次异名,新组合。