Bohn Andrea A, de Morais Helio Autran
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 Southwest 30th Street, Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017 Mar;47(2):219-222. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
Chloride is an essential element, playing important roles in digestion, muscular activity, regulation of body fluids, and acid-base balance. As the most abundant anion in extracellular fluid, chloride plays a major role in maintaining electroneutrality. Chloride is intrinsically linked to sodium in maintaining osmolality and fluid balance and has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate in maintaining acid-base balance. It is likely because of these close ties that chloride does not get the individual attention it deserves; we can use these facts to simplify and interpret changes in serum chloride concentrations.
氯离子是一种必需元素，在消化、肌肉活动、体液调节和酸碱平衡中发挥着重要作用。作为细胞外液中含量最丰富的阴离子，氯离子在维持电中性方面起着主要作用。在维持渗透压和体液平衡方面，氯离子与钠离子有着内在联系，而在维持酸碱平衡方面，氯离子与碳酸氢根呈反比关系。可能正是由于这些紧密联系，氯离子没有得到应有的单独关注；我们可以利用这些事实来简化和解释血清氯离子浓度的变化。
