Siahpush Mohammad, Farazi Paraskevi A, Kim Jungyoon, Michaud Tzeyu L, Yoder Aaron M, Soliman Ghada, Tibbits Melissa K, Nguyen Minh N, Shaikh Raees A
College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Dec 21;13(12):1263. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13121263.
While most ecological studies have shown that higher levels of point-of-sale (POS) cigarette marketing are associated with larger proportions of residents from lower socioeconomic and minority backgrounds in neighborhoods, there are no studies that examine individual-level social disparities in exposure to POS cigarette marketing among smokers in the United States. Our aim was to examine these disparities in a Midwestern metropolitan area in the United States. We conducted a telephone survey to collect data on 999 smokers. Cigarette marketing was measured by asking respondents three questions about noticing advertisements, promotions, and displays of cigarettes within their respective neighborhoods. The questions were combined to create a summated scale. We estimated ordered logistic regression models to examine the association of sociodemographic variables with exposure to POS cigarette marketing. Adjusted results showed that having a lower income ( < 0.003) and belonging to a race/ethnicity other than "non-Hispanic White" ( = 0.011) were associated with higher levels of exposure to POS cigarette marketing. The results highlight social disparities in exposure to POS cigarette marketing in the United States, which can potentially be eliminated by banning all forms of cigarette marketing.
虽然大多数生态学研究表明，较高水平的零售点（POS）香烟营销与邻里中社会经济地位较低和少数族裔背景的居民比例较高有关，但在美国，尚无研究考察吸烟者接触POS香烟营销方面的个体层面社会差异。我们的目的是在美国中西部一个大都市地区考察这些差异。我们进行了一项电话调查，收集了999名吸烟者的数据。通过询问受访者关于在各自邻里中注意到香烟广告、促销和展示的三个问题来衡量香烟营销情况。这些问题被合并以创建一个综合量表。我们估计了有序逻辑回归模型，以考察社会人口统计学变量与接触POS香烟营销之间的关联。调整后的结果显示，收入较低（<0.003）以及属于“非西班牙裔白人”以外的种族/族裔（=0.011）与较高水平的接触POS香烟营销有关。研究结果凸显了美国在接触POS香烟营销方面的社会差异，而通过禁止所有形式的香烟营销，这些差异有可能被消除。
