Sympathetic blockade during extradural analgesia with mepivacaine or bupivacaine.

The extent of sympathetic blockade in 36 patients, who had been given extradural analgesia, was studied by means of the skin conductance response (SCR). The SCR was also studied in six healthy volunteers who received, in a cross-over fashion, infusions of physiological saline (placebo) and saline containing mepivacaine. Two more volunteers were given saline containing bupivacaine. Extradural analgesia caused a partial blockade of sympathetic activity. The higher the level of analgesia the greater the degree of inhibition of the SCR. Complete blockade of the SCR or only a weak response in the foot was obtained in the majority of cases when the level of analgesia reached a dermatome level of T4 or higher. There was no significant relationship between the degree of motor blockade of the lower extremities and the intensity of blockade of the SCR. Extradural injection of 2% mepivacaine had a greater effect on the SCR than did 0.5% bupivacaine. There was no indication that infusion of mepivacaine or bupivacaine in volunteers, whose blood levels were as high as or higher than those likely to be produced during extradural analgesia, affected the SCR.