Knobler Stacey, Bok Karin, Gellin Bruce
Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA.
National Vaccine Program Office, US Department of Health and Human Services, USA.
Vaccine. 2017 Jan 20;35 Suppl 1:A43-A45. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.086. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
SMART Vaccines 2.0 software is being developed to support decision-making among multiple stakeholders in the process of prioritizing investments to optimize the outcomes of vaccine development and deployment. Vaccines and associated vaccination programs are one of the most successful and effective public health interventions to prevent communicable diseases and vaccine researchers are continually working towards expanding targets for communicable and non-communicable diseases through preventive and therapeutic modes. A growing body of evidence on emerging vaccine technologies, trends in disease burden, costs associated with vaccine development and deployment, and benefits derived from disease prevention through vaccination and a range of other factors can inform decision-making and investment in new and improved vaccines and targeted utilization of already existing vaccines. Recognizing that an array of inputs influences these decisions, the strategic multi-attribute ranking method for vaccines (SMART Vaccines 2.0) is in development as a web-based tool-modified from a U.S. Institute of Medicine Committee effort (IOM, 2015)-to highlight data needs and create transparency to facilitate dialogue and information-sharing among decision-makers and to optimize the investment of resources leading to improved health outcomes. Current development efforts of the SMART Vaccines 2.0 framework seek to generate a weighted recommendation on vaccine development or vaccination priorities based on population, disease, economic, and vaccine-specific data in combination with individual preference and weights of user-selected attributes incorporating valuations of health, economics, demographics, public concern, scientific and business, programmatic, and political considerations. Further development of the design and utility of the tool is being carried out by the National Vaccine Program Office of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. We aim to demonstrate the utility of SMART Vaccines 2.0 through the engagement of a community of relevant stakeholders and to identify a limited number of pilot projects to determine explicitly defined attribute preferences and the related data and model requirements that are responsive to user needs and able to improve the use of evidence for vaccine-related decision-making and consequential priorities of vaccination options.
正在开发SMART Vaccines 2.0软件，以支持多个利益相关者在确定投资优先级的过程中进行决策，从而优化疫苗研发和部署的成果。疫苗及相关疫苗接种计划是预防传染病最成功、最有效的公共卫生干预措施之一，疫苗研究人员不断努力，通过预防和治疗模式扩大针对传染病和非传染病的目标。关于新兴疫苗技术、疾病负担趋势、疫苗研发和部署相关成本、通过接种疫苗预防疾病所带来的益处以及一系列其他因素的证据越来越多，这些可以为新型和改良疫苗的决策、投资以及现有疫苗的针对性使用提供参考。认识到一系列因素会影响这些决策，疫苗战略多属性排名方法（SMART Vaccines 2.0）正在开发中，它是一种基于网络的工具——改编自美国医学研究所委员会的一项工作（医学研究所，2015年）——以突出数据需求并提高透明度，促进决策者之间的对话和信息共享，并优化资源投资以改善健康结果。SMART Vaccines 2.0框架目前的开发工作旨在根据人群、疾病、经济和疫苗特定数据，结合个人偏好以及用户选择属性的权重（纳入健康、经济、人口统计学、公众关注、科学和商业、规划以及政治考量的估值），生成关于疫苗研发或疫苗接种优先级的加权建议。卫生与公众服务部的国家疫苗计划办公室和美国国立卫生研究院的福格蒂国际中心正在对该工具的设计和实用性进行进一步开发。我们的目标是通过相关利益者群体的参与来展示SMART Vaccines 2.0的实用性，并确定有限数量的试点项目，以明确确定属性偏好以及相关数据和模型要求，这些要求要能满足用户需求，并能够改进疫苗相关决策的证据使用以及疫苗接种选项的相应优先级。
