Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
Biotechnol Adv. 2017 Mar-Apr;35(2):150-167. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
The global rise in the numbers of kidney patients and the shortage in transplantable organs have led to an increasing interest in kidney-specific regenerative therapies, renal disease modelling and bioartificial kidneys. Sources for large quantities of high-quality renal cells and tissues would be required, also for applications in in vitro platforms for compound safety and efficacy screening. Stem cell-based approaches for the generation of renal-like cells and tissues would be most attractive, but such methods were not available until recently. This situation has drastically changed since 2013, and various protocols for the generation of renal-like cells and precursors from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) have been established. The most recent breakthroughs were related to the establishment of various protocols for the generation of PSC-derived kidney organoids. In combination with recent advances in genome editing, bioprinting and the establishment of predictive renal screening platforms this results in exciting new possibilities. This review will give a comprehensive overview over current PSC-based protocols for the generation of renal-like cells, precursors and organoids, and their current and potential applications in regenerative medicine, compound screening, disease modelling and bioartificial organs.
全球范围内肾病患者数量的增加和可移植器官的短缺，促使人们对肾脏特异性再生治疗、肾脏疾病建模和生物人工肾脏越来越感兴趣。需要大量高质量的肾细胞和组织来源，也需要将其应用于化合物安全性和功效筛选的体外平台。基于干细胞的方法最有吸引力，可以生成类似肾脏的细胞和组织，但直到最近才出现这种方法。自 2013 年以来，这种情况发生了巨大变化，已经建立了各种从多能干细胞 (PSC) 生成类似肾脏的细胞和前体细胞的方案。最近的突破与建立各种源自 PSC 的肾脏类器官的生成方案有关。与最近在基因组编辑、生物打印和建立预测性肾脏筛选平台方面的进展相结合，这为激动人心的新可能性奠定了基础。这篇综述将全面概述目前基于 PSC 的生成类似肾脏的细胞、前体细胞和类器官的方案，及其在再生医学、化合物筛选、疾病建模和生物人工器官方面的当前和潜在应用。
