Verbruggen Frederick
Department of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, and Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2016 Dec;25(6):399-404. doi: 10.1177/0963721416659254. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Many popular psychological accounts attribute adaptive human behavior to an "executive-control" system that regulates a lower-level "impulsive" or "associative" system. However, recent findings argue against this strictly hierarchical view. Instead, executive control of impulsive and inappropriate actions depends on an interplay between multiple basic cognitive processes. The outcome of these processes can be biased in advance. Executive-action control is also strongly influenced by personal experiences in the recent and distant past. Thus, executive control emerges from an interactive and competitive network. Main challenges for future research are to describe and understand these interactions and to put executive-action control in a wider sociocultural and evolutional context.
许多流行的心理学观点将人类的适应性行为归因于一个“执行控制系统”，该系统调节着一个较低层次的“冲动”或“联想”系统。然而，最近的研究结果对这种严格的层级观点提出了质疑。相反，对冲动和不适当行为的执行控制取决于多个基本认知过程之间的相互作用。这些过程的结果可能会预先产生偏差。执行行为控制还受到近期和遥远过去个人经历的强烈影响。因此，执行控制源自一个交互式和竞争性的网络。未来研究的主要挑战是描述和理解这些相互作用，并将执行行为控制置于更广泛的社会文化和进化背景中。
