Ivey Chris D, Besser John M, Ingersoll Chris G, Wang Ning, Rogers D Christopher, Raimondo Sandy, Bauer Candice R, Hammer Edward J
US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Mar;36(3):797-806. doi: 10.1002/etc.3723. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
Vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi, (Branchiopoda; Anostraca) and other fairy shrimp species have been listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Because few data exist about the sensitivity of Branchinecta spp. to toxic effects of contaminants, it is difficult to determine whether they are adequately protected by water quality criteria. A series of acute (24-h) lethality/immobilization tests was conducted with 3 species of fairy shrimp (B. lynchi, Branchinecta lindahli, and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and 10 chemicals with varying modes of toxic action: ammonia, potassium, chloride, sulfate, chromium(VI), copper, nickel, zinc, alachlor, and metolachlor. The same chemicals were tested in 48-h tests with other branchiopods (the cladocerans Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and in 96-h tests with snails (Physa gyrina and Lymnaea stagnalis). Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for B. lynchi were strongly correlated (r = 0.975) with EC50s for the commercially available fairy shrimp species T. platyurus for most chemicals tested. Comparison of EC50s for fairy shrimp and EC50s for invertebrate taxa tested concurrently and with other published toxicity data indicated that fairy shrimp were relatively sensitive to potassium and several trace metals compared with other invertebrate taxa, although cladocerans, amphipods, and mussels had similar broad toxicant sensitivity. Interspecies correlation estimation models for predicting toxicity to fairy shrimp from surrogate species indicated that models with cladocerans and freshwater mussels as surrogates produced the best predictions of the sensitivity of fairy shrimp to contaminants. The results of these studies indicate that fairy shrimp are relatively sensitive to a range of toxicants, but Endangered Species Act-listed fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinecta were not consistently more sensitive than other fairy shrimp taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:797-806. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
加州虎纹仙女虾（Branchinecta lynchi）（鳃足纲；无甲目）及其他仙女虾物种已被美国《濒危物种法》列为受威胁或濒危物种。由于关于仙女虾属对污染物毒性效应的敏感性的数据极少，因此很难确定水质标准是否能为它们提供充分保护。对3种仙女虾（加州虎纹仙女虾、林氏仙女虾（Branchinecta lindahli）和扁头鲎虫（Thamnocephalus platyurus））以及10种具有不同毒性作用方式的化学物质进行了一系列急性（24小时）致死/固定化试验：氨、钾、氯、硫酸根、六价铬、铜、镍、锌、甲草胺和异丙甲草胺。对其他鳃足类动物（大型溞（Daphnia magna）和 dubia 网纹溞（Ceriodaphnia dubia））和一种双足节动物（墨西哥高原钩虾（Hyalella azteca））进行了48小时的相同化学物质测试，并对蜗牛（扭旋椎实螺（Physa gyrina）和静水椎实螺（Lymnaea stagnalis））进行了96小时的测试。对于大多数测试的化学物质，加州虎纹仙女虾的半数效应浓度（EC50）与市售仙女虾物种扁头鲎虫的EC50高度相关（r = 0.975）。将仙女虾的EC50与同时测试的无脊椎动物类群的EC50以及其他已发表的毒性数据进行比较表明，与其他无脊椎动物类群相比，仙女虾对钾和几种痕量金属相对敏感，尽管溞类、双足节动物和贻贝具有相似的广泛毒物敏感性。用于从替代物种预测仙女虾毒性的种间相关性估计模型表明，以溞类和淡水贻贝作为替代物种的模型对仙女虾对污染物的敏感性预测效果最佳。这些研究结果表明，仙女虾对一系列毒物相对敏感，但《濒危物种法》所列的仙女虾属濒危物种并不总是比其他仙女虾类群更敏感。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36：797 - 806。2016年由威利期刊公司代表SETAC出版。本文是美国政府的作品，因此在美国属于公共领域。
