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第17阶段的人类大脑,包括未来嗅球和首批杏仁核的出现。

The human brain at stage 17, including the appearance of the future olfactory bulb and the first amygdaloid nuclei.

作者信息

Müller F, O'Rahilly R

机构信息

Carnegie Laboratories of Embryology, California Primate Research Center, Davis.

出版信息

Anat Embryol (Berl). 1989;180(4):353-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00311167.

DOI:10.1007/BF00311167
PMID:2802187
Abstract

The growth of the cerebral hemispheres rostrally and caudodorsally brings about a deepening of the interlongitudinal fissure, in which blood capillaries for the future choroid plexus develop. Accumulation of mesenchyme basally presages the formation of the nasal septum. The olfactory bulb and tubercle become outlined. The three main areas of the telencephalon, future archi-, paleo-, and neocortex, can be recognized. The amygdaloid body, which is related to the medial ventricular eminence, contains either one or two nuclei. Nerve fibres from the olfactory tubercle arrive and pass through the amygdaloid area. The first indication of a septal nucleus is recognizable. The lateral ventricular eminence is present but not pronounced. The hemispheric stalk joins the cerebral hemispheres to the ventral thalamus and to the diencephalic part of the medial ventricular eminence. The beginning of the future choroid plexus consists in the formation of blood vessels and necrotic changes in the roof of the telencephalon medium and in rostral growth of the anterior choroid artery. Necrotic processes in the future choroid epithelium are now localized at the periphery of the still multilaminar tissue. The sulcus medius and zona intrathalamica delimit the dorsal from the ventral thalamus. The dimesencephalic borderline passes through the commissural fibres in the roof: the rostral part of the commissure is the posterior commissure, the caudal part, the commissure of the superior colliculi. In the mesencephalon, the red nucleus has a laterorostral position with regard to the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve. The cells of the locus coeruleus are well distinguishable. The gustatory fibres begin to separate from the common afferent tract as the tractus solitarius. Inferior and superior salivatory nuclei are delineated.

摘要

大脑半球向头侧和尾背侧生长,导致纵裂加深,未来脉络丛的毛细血管在此处发育。间充质在基部的积聚预示着鼻中隔的形成。嗅球和嗅结节开始显现。端脑的三个主要区域,即未来的原皮质、旧皮质和新皮质,可以辨认出来。与内侧脑室隆起相关的杏仁体包含一个或两个核。来自嗅结节的神经纤维到达并穿过杏仁体区域。可以辨认出隔核的最初迹象。外侧脑室隆起存在但不明显。半球柄将大脑半球与腹侧丘脑以及内侧脑室隆起的间脑部分相连。未来脉络丛的起始在于大脑半球中间部顶壁血管的形成和坏死变化以及脉络膜前动脉的向头侧生长。未来脉络膜上皮的坏死过程现在位于仍为多层的组织周边。中间沟和丘脑内带将背侧丘脑与腹侧丘脑分隔开来。间脑边界线穿过顶壁的连合纤维:连合的头侧部分是后连合,尾侧部分是上丘连合。在中脑,红核相对于动眼神经核处于外侧头侧位置。蓝斑核的细胞清晰可辨。味觉纤维开始从孤束这一共同传入束中分离出来。下泌涎核和上泌涎核已界定。

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