Bossy J
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1980;161(2):225-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00305346.
The staged sequence of development of the olfactory and related structures has been established from the serially sectioned human embryos of the Carnegie collection, from stage 11 to stage 23. The nasal epiblastic thickening appears at stage 11 and the nasal field is well outlined at stage 12. At stage 15, a continuous cellulovascular strand is observed between the nasal groove and the olfactory field. The vomeronasal groove appears at stage 16 (O'Rahilly 1967). During stage 17, the olfactory nerve is organized into two plexuses, lateral and medial, the latter mingled with the terminal-vomeronasal complex. The olfactory bulb begins to appear at stage 18. Stage 19 is characterized by the individualization of the olfactory bulb and nuclei. In addition, the distinction between olfactory structures and terminal and vomeronasal ones begins to be clear. The structure of the olfactory bulb is evident at stage 21. At stage 23, the olfactory strands are well individualized, and olfactory and terminal-vomeronasal fibers are easily distinguishable. The terminal ganglion is rather terminal-vomeronasal with an autonomic terminal contingent and a sensory one attached to the vomeronasal system.
通过对卡内基胚胎学藏品中第11至23期人类胚胎连续切片的研究，已确定嗅觉及相关结构的分期发育序列。鼻外胚层增厚出现在第11期，鼻区在第12期清晰界定。在第15期，观察到鼻沟与嗅觉区之间有连续的细胞血管束。犁鼻沟出现在第16期（奥赖利，1967年）。在第17期，嗅神经形成外侧和内侧两个丛，后者与终末犁鼻复合体混合。嗅球在第18期开始出现。第19期的特征是嗅球和核的个体化。此外，嗅觉结构与终末及犁鼻结构之间的区别开始变得明显。嗅球的结构在第21期明显可见。在第23期，嗅丝充分个体化，嗅觉纤维和终末犁鼻纤维易于区分。终末神经节主要是犁鼻的，有一个自主神经终末分支和一个附着于犁鼻系统的感觉分支。
