Cohen David A, Newman Lori R, Fishman Laurie N
a Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Harvard , MA , USA.
b Department of Medical Education, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.
Med Teach. 2017 Feb;39(2):147-152. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2017.1266315. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
The authors share twelve practical tips on writing a case that engages learners in active learning and discussion. They first advise that, during the initial preparation of the case, authors should (1) identify the case goals and objectives, and (2) identify the level of the learners. When writing the case, authors should (3) use active and colorful language; (4) use patients' own descriptions rather than medical language; (5) allow the learners to interpret data themselves; (6) allow for natural discovery rather than presenting information chronologically; and (7) be realistic about interruptions in patient care. In addition, case authors should pay attention to methods that enhance discussion by (8) creating barriers to diagnostic or treatment options; (9) promoting questions and discussion over answers; (10) using cues to assure discussion flow and knowledge exploration; and (11) omitting details or inserting informational distractors. Finally, well-crafted questions are essential during the case presentation to engage learners in higher-order thinking; and to (12) stimulate curiosity and reflection.
作者分享了十二条关于撰写案例的实用技巧，这些案例能促使学习者积极参与学习和讨论。他们首先建议，在案例的初步准备阶段，作者应：（1）确定案例的目标和目的；（2）确定学习者的水平。在撰写案例时，作者应：（3）使用生动活泼的语言；（4）采用患者自己的描述而非医学术语；（5）让学习者自己解读数据；（6）允许自然发现，而非按时间顺序呈现信息；（7）对患者护理过程中的干扰情况实事求是。此外，案例作者应关注通过以下方式增强讨论效果的方法：（8）设置诊断或治疗方案的障碍；（9）鼓励提问和讨论，而非只关注答案；（10）利用线索确保讨论流畅并促进知识探索；（11）省略细节或插入信息干扰项。最后，精心设计的问题在案例展示过程中至关重要，能促使学习者进行高阶思维；并（12）激发好奇心和思考。
