Khan Suliman, Nabi Ghulam, Ullah Muhammad Wajid, Yousaf Muhammad, Manan Sehrish, Siddique Rabeea, Hou Hongwei
The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Int J Genomics. 2016;2016:3460416. doi: 10.1155/2016/3460416. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
In the recent era, due to tremendous advancement in industrialization, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have created a serious scenario for biota survival. It has been reported that present biota is entering a "sixth" mass extinction, because of chronic exposure to anthropogenic activities. Various and measures have been adopted for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animal species; however, these have been limited due to various discrepancies associated with them. Current advancement in molecular technologies, especially, genomics, is playing a very crucial role in biodiversity conservation. Advance genomics helps in identifying the segments of genome responsible for adaptation. It can also improve our understanding about microevolution through a better understanding of selection, mutation, assertive matting, and recombination. Advance genomics helps in identifying genes that are essential for fitness and ultimately for developing modern and fast monitoring tools for endangered biodiversity. This review article focuses on the applications of advanced genomics mainly demographic, adaptive genetic variations, inbreeding, hybridization and introgression, and disease susceptibilities, in the conservation of threatened biota. In short, it provides the fundamentals for novice readers and advancement in genomics for the experts working for the conservation of endangered plant and animal species.
在当今时代，由于工业化的巨大进步，污染和其他人类活动给生物群的生存造成了严峻局面。据报道，由于长期暴露于人类活动中，当前的生物群正在进入“第六次”大灭绝。人们已经采取了各种措施来保护濒危动植物物种；然而，由于与之相关的各种差异，这些措施受到了限制。分子技术，特别是基因组学的当前进展，在生物多样性保护中发挥着非常关键的作用。先进的基因组学有助于识别负责适应的基因组片段。它还可以通过更好地理解选择、突变、定向交配和重组，增进我们对微进化的理解。先进的基因组学有助于识别对适应性至关重要的基因，并最终为濒危生物多样性开发现代快速监测工具。这篇综述文章重点介绍了先进基因组学在受威胁生物群保护中的应用，主要包括种群统计学、适应性遗传变异、近亲繁殖、杂交和基因渗入以及疾病易感性。简而言之，它为新手读者提供了基础知识，并为致力于保护濒危动植物物种的专家介绍了基因组学的进展。
