Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2018 Mar;33(3):176-185. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Many species have undergone dramatic population size declines over the past centuries. Although stochastic genetic processes during and after such declines are thought to elevate the risk of extinction, comparative analyses of genomic data from several endangered species suggest little concordance between genome-wide diversity and current population sizes. This is likely because species-specific life-history traits and ancient bottlenecks overshadow the genetic effect of recent demographic declines. Therefore, we advocate that temporal sampling of genomic data provides a more accurate approach to quantify genetic threats in endangered species. Specifically, genomic data from predecline museum specimens will provide valuable baseline data that enable accurate estimation of recent decreases in genome-wide diversity, increases in inbreeding levels, and accumulation of deleterious genetic variation.
许多物种在过去几个世纪中经历了显著的种群数量下降。尽管在下降期间和之后的随机遗传过程被认为会增加灭绝的风险，但对来自几个濒危物种的基因组数据的比较分析表明，全基因组多样性与当前种群大小之间几乎没有一致性。这很可能是因为物种特有的生活史特征和古代瓶颈掩盖了最近人口减少的遗传影响。因此，我们主张通过对基因组数据进行时间采样，为量化濒危物种的遗传威胁提供更准确的方法。具体来说，来自下降前的博物馆标本的基因组数据将提供宝贵的基线数据，使我们能够准确估计全基因组多样性的近期下降、近亲繁殖水平的增加以及有害遗传变异的积累。
