Orioli Andrea
Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD 1015, Switzerland.
Bioessays. 2017 Mar;39(3). doi: 10.1002/bies.201600158. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
Recent years have seen a burst in the number of studies investigating tRNA biology. With the transition from a gene-centred to a genome-centred perspective, tRNAs and other RNA polymerase III transcripts surfaced as active regulators of normal cell physiology and disease. Novel strategies removing some of the hurdles that prevent quantitative tRNA profiling revealed that the differential exploitation of the tRNA pool critically affects the ability of the cell to balance protein homeostasis during normal and stress conditions. Furthermore, growing evidence indicates that the adaptation of tRNA synthesis to cellular dynamics can influence translation and mRNA stability to drive carcinogenesis and other pathological disorders. This review explores the contribution given by genomics, transcriptomics and epitranscriptomics to the discovery of emerging tRNA functions, and gives insights into some of the technical challenges that still limit our understanding of the RNA polymerase III transcriptional machinery.
近年来，研究tRNA生物学的研究数量激增。随着从以基因为中心到以基因组为中心的视角转变，tRNA和其他RNA聚合酶III转录本作为正常细胞生理学和疾病的活跃调节因子浮出水面。消除一些阻碍定量tRNA分析的障碍的新策略表明，tRNA库的差异利用严重影响细胞在正常和应激条件下平衡蛋白质稳态的能力。此外，越来越多的证据表明，tRNA合成适应细胞动态变化会影响翻译和mRNA稳定性，从而推动癌症发生和其他病理紊乱。本综述探讨了基因组学、转录组学和表观转录组学对发现新出现的tRNA功能所做的贡献，并深入了解了一些仍然限制我们对RNA聚合酶III转录机制理解的技术挑战。
