Cahyaningrum Fitrianna, Permadhi Inge, Ansari Muhammad Ridwan, Prafiantini Erfi, Rachman Purnawati Hustina, Agustina Rina
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON) / Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional (PKGR), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;25(Suppl 1):S62-S74. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.122016.s5.
Diets with a specific omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio have been reported to have favourable effects in controlling obesity in adults. However, development a local-based diet by considering the ratio of these fatty acids for improving the nutritional status of overweight and obese children is lacking. Therefore, using linear programming, we developed an affordable optimised diet focusing on the ratio of omega- 6/omega-3 fatty acid intake for obese children aged 12-23 months.
A crosssectional study was conducted in two subdistricts of East Jakarta involving 42 normal-weight and 29 overweight and obese children, grouped on the basis of their body mass index for-age Z scores and selected through multistage random sampling. A 24-h recall was performed for 3-nonconsecutive days to assess the children's dietary intake levels and food patterns. We conducted group and structured interviews as well as market surveys to identify food availability, accessibility and affordability.
Three types of affordable optimised 7-day diet meal plans were developed on the basis of breastfeeding status. The optimised diet plan fulfilled energy and macronutrient intake requirements within the acceptable macronutrient distribution range. The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in the children was between 4 and 10. Moreover, the micronutrient intake level was within the range of the recommended daily allowance or estimated average recommendation and tolerable upper intake level.
The optimisation model used in this study provides a mathematical solution for economical diet meal plans that approximate the nutrient requirements for overweight and obese children.
据报道，特定omega-6/omega-3脂肪酸比例的饮食对控制成年人肥胖具有有益效果。然而，缺乏通过考虑这些脂肪酸比例来制定适合当地情况的饮食以改善超重和肥胖儿童营养状况的相关研究。因此，我们利用线性规划，为12至23个月大的肥胖儿童制定了一种以omega-6/omega-3脂肪酸摄入量比例为重点的经济实惠的优化饮食方案。
在东雅加达的两个分区开展了一项横断面研究，涉及42名体重正常的儿童以及29名超重和肥胖儿童，根据年龄别体重指数Z评分进行分组，并通过多阶段随机抽样进行选取。连续3天采用24小时回顾法评估儿童的饮食摄入量水平和食物模式。我们进行了小组访谈、结构化访谈以及市场调查，以确定食物的可获得性、可及性和可承受性。
基于母乳喂养状况制定了三种经济实惠的7天优化饮食餐单。优化后的饮食计划在可接受的宏量营养素分布范围内满足了能量和宏量营养素的摄入需求。儿童体内omega-6/omega-3脂肪酸比例在4至10之间。此外，微量营养素的摄入量处于推荐每日摄入量或估计平均推荐量以及可耐受最高摄入量范围内。
本研究中使用的优化模型为经济实惠的饮食餐单提供了一种数学解决方案，该餐单接近超重和肥胖儿童的营养需求。
