Vainieri Milena, Vola Federico, Gomez Soriano Gregorio, Nuti Sabina
Laboratory of Management and Healthcare, Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Laboratory of Management and Healthcare, Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Health Policy. 2016 Nov;120(11):1270-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2016.09.011. Epub 2016 Sep 24.
The definition of "the right targets" and the way the evaluation of results is performed affect the willingness to commit to new challenges, which is a factor that influences the relationship between goal setting and performance results. Indeed, some authors claim that the choice of an inappropriate goal-setting procedure is a major cause of failure of management control systems. Goal setting theorists found that assigning a specific and challenging goal leads to higher performance than (a) an easy goal, (b) a general goal or (c) no goal setting. Despite this evidence, yet, few proposals concern the definition of what is "challenging". This paper focuses on two issues: (a) what is to be considered a challenging goal and (b) what is a "fair evaluation" in the health care sector. This work suggests that benchmarking is a valid support to solve the previous dilemmas. Relying on two Regional European advanced experiences - Valencia in Spain and Tuscany in Italy -, this paper aims to provide conceptual methods that can help managers define challenging goals and conduct fair evaluation about their achievement. Although these Regions adopted different governance models, both of them applied very similar techniques, which seem to be associated to an improvement of their performance and a reduction of unwarranted variation.
“正确目标”的定义以及结果评估的方式会影响人们接受新挑战的意愿，而这是影响目标设定与绩效结果之间关系的一个因素。事实上，一些作者认为选择不恰当的目标设定程序是管理控制系统失败的主要原因。目标设定理论学家发现，设定一个具体且具有挑战性的目标会比以下情况带来更高的绩效：(a) 一个容易的目标；(b) 一个笼统的目标；或 (c) 不设定目标。尽管有这些证据，但关于什么是“具有挑战性的”定义的提议却很少。本文关注两个问题：(a) 什么应被视为一个具有挑战性的目标；(b) 在医疗保健领域什么是“公平评估”。这项工作表明，标杆管理是解决上述困境的有效支持。基于欧洲两个地区的先进经验——西班牙的巴伦西亚和意大利的托斯卡纳——本文旨在提供一些概念方法，帮助管理者定义具有挑战性的目标并对目标的达成情况进行公平评估。尽管这两个地区采用了不同的治理模式，但它们都应用了非常相似的技术，这些技术似乎与它们绩效的提升以及不必要差异的减少有关。
