Paris Thomson M, Allan Sandra A, Hall David G, Hentz Matthew G, Croxton Scott D, Ainpudi Niharika, Stansly Philip A
United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608 (
University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142 (
Environ Entomol. 2017 Feb 1;46(1):143-158. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvw161.
Phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism by which an organism can adapt to new or changing environments. Earlier studies have demonstrated the variability of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid) population dynamics, but no analysis of morphological changes induced by seasonal or artificial laboratory-induced conditions has yet been documented. Such morphometric variation has been found to correspond in dispersal capabilities in several insect taxa. In this study, the effects of temperature and photoperiod on morphometric variation of D. citri were examined through laboratory rearing of psyllids under controlled temperatures (20 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C) and under a short photoperiod of 10.5:13.5 (L:D) h and a long photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Diaphorina citri were field-collected monthly from three citrus groves in Fort Pierce, Gainesville, and Immokalee, FL, to evaluate potential field-associated environmental effects. Both traditional and geometric morphometric data were used to analyze the correlation between environmental and morphometric variation. A strong correlation was found between temperature and shape change, with larger and broader wings at colder temperatures in the laboratory. Short day length resulted in shorter and narrower wings as well. From the field, temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod were moderately associated with shape parameters. Adult D. citri with blue/green abdomens collected in the laboratory and field studies were larger in size and shape than those with brown/gray abdomens.
表型可塑性提供了一种机制，通过该机制生物体能够适应新的或变化的环境。早期研究已经证明了柑橘木虱（亚洲柑橘木虱）种群动态的变异性，但尚未有关于季节性或人工实验室诱导条件所引发的形态变化分析的记录。已发现这种形态测量变异与几种昆虫类群的扩散能力相对应。在本研究中，通过在受控温度（20°C、28°C和30°C）以及10.5:13.5（光照:黑暗）小时的短光照周期和16:8（光照:黑暗）小时的长光照周期下对木虱进行实验室饲养，研究了温度和光周期对柑橘木虱形态测量变异的影响。每月从佛罗里达州皮尔斯堡、盖恩斯维尔和伊莫卡利的三个柑橘园中实地采集柑橘木虱，以评估潜在的与田间相关的环境影响。传统形态测量数据和几何形态测量数据均用于分析环境与形态测量变异之间的相关性。发现温度与形状变化之间存在很强的相关性，在实验室中温度较低时翅膀更大更宽。短日照时长也导致翅膀更短更窄。在田间，温度、降雨量和光周期与形状参数存在适度关联。在实验室和田间研究中采集到的腹部为蓝/绿色的成年柑橘木虱在大小和形状上比腹部为棕/灰色的更大。
