The interrelationship between bleeding, perforation, and stenosis in duodenal ulceration.

The interrelationship of gastrointestinal bleeding, acute perforation, and pyloroduodenal stenosis was examined in a hospital series of 1,457 patients with duodenal ulcers. The proportion of each complication among the total number of ulcer patients after various periods of ulcer symptoms was determined. There was little variation in the proportion with bleeding as the duration of symptoms increased, whereas the proportion with perforation decreased and the proportion with stenosis increased with increasing duration of ulcer dyspepsia. The association of bleeding with perforation (26 patients) was more common than the association of bleeding with stenosis (12 patients), and more so than the association of perforation with stenosis (4 patients). To explain the paradoxical relationship of perforation and stenosis it was proposed that perforation occurred when the pathological process in ulceration was such that there was more tissue destruction. than tissue repair, and that stenosis would result if there was more tissue repair than tissue destruction