Erbilgin Nadir, Stein Jack D, Acciavatti Robert E, Gillette Nancy E, Mori Sylvia R, Bischel Kristi, Cale Jonathan A, Carvalho Carline R, Wood David L
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Canada.
Emeritus. USDA-FS, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2017 Feb;43(2):172-179. doi: 10.1007/s10886-016-0803-y. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
Woodwasps in Sirex and related genera are well-represented in North American conifer forests, but the chemical ecology of native woodwasps is limited to a few studies demonstrating their attraction to volatile host tree compounds, primarily monoterpene hydrocarbons and monoterpene alcohols. Thus, we systematically investigated woodwasp-host chemical interactions in California's Sierra Nevada and West Virginia's Allegheny Mountains. We first tested common conifer monoterpene hydrocarbons and found that (-)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and (-)-β-pinene were the three most attractive compounds. Based on these results and those of earlier studies, we further tested three monoterpene hydrocarbons and four monoterpene alcohols along with ethanol in California: monoterpene hydrocarbons caught 72.3% of all woodwasps. Among monoterpene hydrocarbons, (+)-3-carene was the most attractive followed by (-)-β-pinene and (-)-α-pinene. Among alcohols, ethanol was the most attractive, catching 41.4% of woodwasps trapped. Subsequent tests were done with fewer selected compounds, including ethanol, 3-carene, and ethanol plus (-)-α-pinene in both Sierra Nevada and Allegheny Mountains. In both locations, ethanol plus (-)-α-pinene caught more woodwasps than other treatments. We discussed the implications of these results for understanding the chemical ecology of native woodwasps and invasive Sirex noctilio in North America. In California, 749 woodwasps were caught, representing five species: Sirex areolatus Cresson, Sirex behrensii Cresson, Sirex cyaneus Fabricius, Sirex longicauda Middlekauff, and Urocerus californicus Norton. In West Virginia 411 woodwasps were caught representing four species: Sirex edwardsii Brullé, Tremex columba Linnaeus, Sirex nigricornis F., and Urocerus cressoni Norton.
树蜂属及相关属的树蜂在北美针叶林中分布广泛，但对本土树蜂化学生态学的研究有限，仅有少数研究表明它们会被挥发性寄主树化合物所吸引，主要是单萜烃类和单萜醇类。因此，我们系统地研究了加利福尼亚内华达山脉和西弗吉尼亚阿勒格尼山脉中树蜂与寄主之间的化学相互作用。我们首先测试了常见的针叶树单萜烃类，发现（-）-α-蒎烯、（+）-3-蒈烯和（-）-β-蒎烯是最具吸引力的三种化合物。基于这些结果以及早期研究的结果，我们在加利福尼亚进一步测试了三种单萜烃类、四种单萜醇类以及乙醇：单萜烃类捕获了所有树蜂的72.3%。在单萜烃类中，（+）-3-蒈烯最具吸引力，其次是（-）-β-蒎烯和（-）-α-蒎烯。在醇类中，乙醇最具吸引力，捕获了41.4%被困的树蜂。随后在内华达山脉和阿勒格尼山脉用较少的选定化合物进行了后续测试，包括乙醇、3-蒈烯以及乙醇加（-）-α-蒎烯。在这两个地点，乙醇加（-）-α-蒎烯捕获的树蜂比其他处理更多。我们讨论了这些结果对于理解北美本土树蜂和入侵性褐树蜂化学生态学的意义。在加利福尼亚，捕获了749只树蜂，代表五个物种：细纹树蜂、贝氏树蜂、蓝树蜂、长尾树蜂和加州尾蜂。在西弗吉尼亚，捕获了411只树蜂，代表四个物种：爱德华兹树蜂、鸽形树蜂、黑角树蜂和克氏尾蜂。
