Luo Runlan, Shen Jiaqi, Zhou Qiao, Liu Yue, Li Guangsen
Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Echocardiography. 2017 Feb;34(2):226-231. doi: 10.1111/echo.13432. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
There is evidence suggesting that different volumes of chronic alcohol consumption have different effects on the endothelium. Therefore, using high-frequency ultrasonography, we evaluate the effects of the different volume and duration of alcohol intake on brachial artery endothelial function in chronic drinkers.
Ninety-two male chronic episodic alcoholics were grouped by alcohol intake amount and duration: mild (group B, n=30); ≤90 mg ethanol daily, 3-5 days/wk for 5-8 years; moderate (group C, n=30); 90-150 mg ethanol daily, 3-5 days/wk for 9-20 years; and severe (group D, n=32); ≥150 mg ethanol daily, 6-7 days/wk for more than 10 years. Thirty male nondrinkers were recruited as the control group A. High-frequency ultrasonography was used to measure brachial artery diameter during rest, during reactive hyperemia and following the administration of nitroglycerin. Endothelial-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelial-independent brachial artery nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) were calculated.
Flow-mediated dilatation values for group C and D were significantly lower than those for group A and B (V =7.63±0.22, V =5.85±0.23 vs V =13.35±0.35, V =12.81±0.36, P<.01). The FMD of group D was significantly lower than that of group C (P<.01). Meanwhile, the NMD of group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups (V =17.33±6.21 vs V =25.35±7.42, V =24.52±8.30, V =23.35±7.27, P<.01).
Chronic moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption caused endothelial dysfunction, even damaging vascular smooth muscle cells in cases of heavy alcohol consumption, while abstinence and chronic mild alcoholics caused no effect on endothelial function.
有证据表明，不同饮酒量对血管内皮的影响各异。因此，我们运用高频超声，评估慢性饮酒者不同饮酒量及饮酒时长对肱动脉内皮功能的影响。
92名男性慢性发作性酗酒者按饮酒量和饮酒时长分组：轻度组（B组，n = 30），每日乙醇摄入量≤90 mg，每周饮酒3 - 5天，持续5 - 8年；中度组（C组，n = 30），每日乙醇摄入量90 - 150 mg，每周饮酒3 - 5天，持续9 - 20年；重度组（D组，n = 32），每日乙醇摄入量≥150 mg，每周饮酒6 - 7天，持续超过10年。招募30名男性不饮酒者作为对照组A。采用高频超声测量静息时、反应性充血时及给予硝酸甘油后的肱动脉直径。计算内皮依赖性肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）和非内皮依赖性肱动脉硝酸酯介导的舒张功能（NMD）。
C组和D组的血流介导舒张功能值显著低于A组和B组（V = 7.63±0.22，V = 5.85±0.23对比V = 13.35±0.35，V = 12.81±0.36，P <.01）。D组的FMD显著低于C组（P <.01）。同时，D组的NMD显著低于其他组（V = 17.33±6.21对比V = 25.35±7.42，V = 24.52±8.30，V = 23.35±7.27，P <.01）。
慢性中度至重度饮酒会导致内皮功能障碍，重度饮酒时甚至会损害血管平滑肌细胞，而戒酒者和慢性轻度饮酒者对内皮功能无影响。
