1 Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, WV, USA.
J Dent Res. 2017 Jan;96(1):47-55. doi: 10.1177/0022034516668847. Epub 2016 Oct 8.
Tissues surrounding dental implants and teeth develop clinical inflammation in response to microbial stimuli. However, the literature suggests that differences exist in the microbial insult and inflammatory responses leading to gingivitis and peri-implant mucositis. In this pilot study, the authors use for the first time a systems biology approach to comprehensively evaluate clinical parameters, selected inflammatory markers, and the microbiome of subject-matched tooth and implant sites during native inflammation and in response to experimental plaque accumulation. Fifteen subjects with 2 posterior implants and corresponding contralateral teeth were examined at enrollment; at day 0, after reinstitution of gingival/mucosal health; at days 7, 14, and 21, during stent-mediated oral hygiene (OH) abstention; and at day 42, after resumption of OH. The subgingival microbiome was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 8 selected inflammatory markers measured in crevicular fluid. Comparison of teeth and implants via general linear models based on orthogonal polynomials showed similar responses in clinical parameters, inflammatory mediators, and proportions of individual microbial taxa during OH abstention. Implants, however, accumulated less plaque and underwent more heterogeneous shifts in microbiome structure. A multilevel, within-group, sparse partial least squares analysis of covariation of microbial, inflammatory, and clinical parameters throughout all study visits found inflammation around teeth and implants positively correlated with IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and with the proportions of Selenomonas, Prevotella, and 5 species-level phylotypes. Gingivitis, however, showed a stronger positive correlation with lactoferrin and IL-1ra and a stronger negative correlation with Rothia. Peri-implant mucositis, on the contrary, correlated positively with certain microbial taxa not associated with gingivitis by a previous study or the current one. In summary, differences existed between implants and tooth sites in microbiome evolution during OH abstention and in the correlation of specific inflammatory mediators and microbial taxa with clinical inflammation. Common biological features, however, were also identified for gingivitis and mucositis.
种植体周围和牙齿周围的组织会对微生物刺激产生临床炎症反应。然而，文献表明，导致牙龈炎和种植体周围黏膜炎的微生物刺激和炎症反应存在差异。在这项初步研究中，作者首次使用系统生物学方法全面评估了临床参数、选定的炎症标志物以及在天然炎症和对实验性菌斑积累的反应中，匹配的牙齿和种植体部位的微生物组。15 名受试者有 2 个后牙种植体和相应的对侧牙齿，在入组时进行了检查；在第 0 天，在重新建立牙龈/黏膜健康后；在第 7、14 和 21 天，在支架介导的口腔卫生（OH）禁欲期间；以及在第 42 天，在恢复 OH 后。通过 16S rRNA 基因测序和龈沟液中 8 种选定的炎症标志物评估龈下微生物组。基于正交多项式的一般线性模型比较牙齿和种植体，显示在 OH 禁欲期间，临床参数、炎症介质和个体微生物类群的比例相似。然而，种植体积累的菌斑较少，微生物组结构的变化更为多样。在整个研究过程中，对微生物、炎症和临床参数的多层次、组内稀疏偏最小二乘分析发现，牙齿和种植体周围的炎症与 IL-1 alpha 和 IL-1 beta 以及 Selenomonas、Prevotella 和 5 个种水平的生物型呈正相关。然而，牙龈炎与乳铁蛋白和 IL-1ra 呈更强的正相关，与 Rothia 呈更强的负相关。相反，种植体周围黏膜炎与先前研究或当前研究未将其与牙龈炎相关的某些微生物类群呈正相关。总之，在 OH 禁欲期间，种植体和牙齿部位的微生物组进化存在差异，并且特定炎症介质和微生物类群与临床炎症的相关性也存在差异。然而，也确定了牙龈炎和黏膜炎的共同生物学特征。
