Addiction Unit (PROAD) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Addiction Unit (PROAD) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Psychiatry Res. 2017 Feb;248:83-86. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.051. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Vitamin D is associated with bone mineral density, and its deficiency is a global health problem. In psychiatry, low vitamin D levels have been associated with schizophrenia, depression, psychotic symptoms, and, more recently, alcohol use disorders. Alcohol use disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the association between alcohol use and vitamin D serum levels. The PubMed, SCIELO, and Lilacs databases were searched for this systematic review. We assessed all articles published from 1976 to December 2015, and we examined the associated reference lists to retrieve articles that appeared to fulfill our criteria. Of 932 articles, 49 met our inclusion criteria. The majority of the papers (71.4%) were cross-sectional studies. Alcohol intake was found to be positively associated with vitamin D status in 15 articles and negatively associated with vitamin D in 18 articles; no association was found in 16 articles. Heterogeneous results were found in our review, with a similar number of papers indicating a positive association, a negative association or the absence of any association between alcohol use and vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the studies in which a positive association was found were more recent papers that involved considerably larger sample sizes than those in other studies. The older studies compared vitamin D levels in alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients, in contrast to more recent studies, which focused on more specific populations. In addition, most of the selected papers were from high latitude countries, where exposure to sunlight tends to be lower than in tropical countries. The data concerning vitamin D levels in patients with alcohol use disorders remain controversial. Additional research using a standardized methodology is necessary to demonstrate the real impact of alcohol consumption on vitamin D serum levels as well as on the health status of alcohol users.
维生素 D 与骨密度有关，其缺乏是一个全球性的健康问题。在精神病学中，低维生素 D 水平与精神分裂症、抑郁症、精神病症状有关，最近还与酒精使用障碍有关。酒精使用障碍是全世界最常见的精神障碍之一。因此，我们的目的是评估酒精使用与维生素 D 血清水平之间的关系。本系统评价检索了 PubMed、SCIELO 和 Lilacs 数据库。我们评估了从 1976 年到 2015 年 12 月发表的所有文章，并查阅了相关的参考文献列表，以检索似乎符合我们标准的文章。在 932 篇文章中，有 49 篇符合我们的纳入标准。大多数论文（71.4%）为横断面研究。有 15 篇文章表明酒精摄入量与维生素 D 状态呈正相关，18 篇文章表明酒精摄入量与维生素 D 呈负相关，16 篇文章未发现相关性。我们的综述结果存在异质性，有相似数量的文章表明酒精使用与维生素 D 水平之间存在正相关、负相关或无任何关联。然而，值得注意的是，发现正相关的研究是较新的论文，这些论文的样本量明显大于其他研究。较老的研究比较了酒精和非酒精患者的维生素 D 水平，而较新的研究则侧重于更特定的人群。此外，所选论文大多来自高纬度国家，那里的阳光照射量往往低于热带国家。关于酒精使用障碍患者维生素 D 水平的数据仍存在争议。需要使用标准化方法进行更多的研究，以证明酒精消费对维生素 D 血清水平以及酒精使用者健康状况的真正影响。
