Billat Véronique, Dhonneur Gilles, Mille-Hamard Laurence, Le Moyec Laurence, Momken Iman, Launay Thierry, Koralsztein Jean Pierre, Besse Sophie
Unit of Integrative Biology of Adaptations to Exercise, EA 7362, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Genopole, Evry, France;
Surgical Intensive Care Unit-Trauma Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Université Paris-Est Créteil and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Mar 1;122(3):430-434. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00569.2016. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological characteristics of an elite centenarian cyclist who, at 101 yr old, established the 1-h cycling record for individuals ≥100 yr old (24.25 km) and to determine the physiological factors associated with his performance improvement 2 yr later at 103 yr old (26.92 km; +11%). Before each record, he performed an incremental test on a cycling ergometer. For 2 yr, he trained 5,000 km/yr with a polarized training that involved cycling 80% of mileage at "light" rate of perceived exertion (RPE) ≤12 and 20% at "hard" RPE ≥15 at a cadence between 50 and 70 rpm. His body weight and lean body mass did not change, while his maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o) increased (31-35 ml·kg·min; +13%). Peak power output increased from 90 to 125 W (+39%), mainly because of increasing the maximal pedaling frequency (69-90 rpm; +30%). Maximal heart rate did not change (134-137 beats/min) in contrast to the maximal ventilation (57-70 l/min, +23%), increasing with both the respiratory frequency (38-41 cycles/min; +8%) and the tidal volume (1.5-1.7 liters; +13%). Respiratory exchange ratio increased (1.03-1.14) to the same extent as tolerance to V̇co In conclusion, it is possible to increase performance and V̇o with polarized training focusing on a high pedaling cadence even after turning 100 yr old. This study shows, for the first time, that maximal oxygen consumption (+13%) and performance (+11%) can still be increased between 101 and 103 yr old with 2 yr of training and that a centenarian is able, at 103 yr old, to cover 26.9 km/h in 1 h.
本研究的目的是考察一位精英百岁自行车运动员的生理特征，该运动员在101岁时创造了100岁及以上个体的1小时骑行记录（24.25公里），并确定与他在103岁时（26.92公里；提高11%）运动表现提升相关的生理因素。在每次创纪录之前，他在自行车测功仪上进行递增测试。两年来，他每年训练5000公里，采用极化训练，即80%的骑行里程以“轻松”的自感用力度（RPE）≤12进行，20%的里程以“高强度”的RPE≥15进行，踏频在50至70转/分钟之间。他的体重和瘦体重没有变化，而他的最大摄氧量（V̇o）增加了（从31毫升·千克·分钟增加到35毫升·千克·分钟；提高13%）。最大功率输出从90瓦增加到125瓦（提高39%），主要是因为最大踏频增加了（从69转/分钟增加到90转/分钟；提高30%）。与最大通气量（从57升/分钟增加到70升/分钟，提高23%）相比，最大心率没有变化（134至137次/分钟），最大通气量的增加与呼吸频率（从38次/分钟增加到41次/分钟；提高8%）和潮气量（从1.5升增加到1.7升；提高13%）均有关。呼吸交换率增加（从1.03增加到1.14），与对V̇co的耐受性增加程度相同。总之，即使在年满100岁之后，通过专注于高踏频的极化训练，仍有可能提高运动表现和V̇o。本研究首次表明，经过两年训练，在101岁至103岁之间最大摄氧量（提高13%）和运动表现（提高11%）仍可提高，并且一位百岁老人在103岁时能够在1小时内骑行26.9公里。
