Saghafipour Abedin, Vatandoost Hassan, Zahraei-Ramazani Ali Reza, Yaghoobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza, Rassi Yavar, Shirzadi Mohammad Reza, Akhavan Amir Ahmad
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2016 Oct-Dec;53(4):335-340.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Qom Province and many other provinces of Iran. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) treated barrier fence is one of the new methods for controlling the vectors such as sandflies. The present study was designed to evaluate the residual activity of ATSB-treated barrier fence that was used in control of P. papatasi.
Following the selection of villages in Markazi district of Qom Province, central Iran during 2015 for ATSB and ASB (bait containing no active ingredient) methods; barrier fences on the ground in front of the rodent's colony were installed. A total of four conical tubes were installed and fixed on surfaces of treated barrier net of dimension 25 Χ 25 cm at biweekly interval. In each conical tube, 10 sand flies were released and after 3 min of exposure they were transferred to sterile cups. After 24 h, the obtained results were recorded according to the survival and mortality rate of sandflies. These tests were carried out five days after the installation of barrier fences, and repeated every 15 days until the mortality rate decreased to 60-65%.
The bioassay tests results showed that the mortality rate of P. papatasi on ATSB-treated barrier fence for 5, 15, 30 and 45 days after spraying was 100, 95.83, 88.18 and 66.67% respectively, which decreased to 50.83% after 60 days.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Persistence and residual activity of the active ingredient of the bait in the hot and dry climatic conditions of Qom Province remained significantly effective for at most 45 days, which subsequently decreased at a high rate. Hence, every 45 days barrier fences need to be impregnated with ATSB bait. The method also appeared cost-effective and could be practical in implementation of vector control programmes against ZCL.
巴氏白蛉是伊朗库姆省及其他许多省份人畜共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）的主要传播媒介。含毒诱饵屏障围栏是控制白蛉等病媒的新方法之一。本研究旨在评估用于控制巴氏白蛉的含毒诱饵屏障围栏的残留活性。
2015年在伊朗中部库姆省马尔卡齐区选择村庄采用含毒诱饵（ATSB）和不含活性成分诱饵（ASB）方法；在啮齿动物聚居地前的地面安装屏障围栏。每隔两周在尺寸为25×25 cm的经处理屏障网表面安装并固定总共四个锥形管。每个锥形管中释放10只白蛉，暴露3分钟后转移至无菌杯中。24小时后，根据白蛉的存活和死亡率记录结果。这些测试在屏障围栏安装五天后进行，每15天重复一次，直至死亡率降至60 - 65%。
生物测定试验结果显示，喷洒后第5、15、30和45天，巴氏白蛉在含毒诱饵屏障围栏上的死亡率分别为100%、95.83%、88.18%和66.67%，60天后降至50.83%。
在库姆省炎热干燥的气候条件下，诱饵活性成分的持久性和残留活性在最多45天内仍保持显著效果，随后急剧下降。因此，每隔45天需要用含毒诱饵浸渍屏障围栏。该方法似乎具有成本效益，在实施针对人畜共患皮肤利什曼病的病媒控制计划中可能具有实用性。
