Stempel Carl, Sami Nilofar, Koga Patrick Marius, Alemi Qais, Smith Valerie, Shirazi Aida
Department of Sociology and Social Services, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd., Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, 1121 Tolman Hall #1690, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Dec 28;14(1):25. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14010025.
Recent studies have emphasized the influence of resettlement factors on the mental health of refugees resettling in developed countries. However, little research has addressed gender differences in the nature and influence of resettlement stressors and sources of resilience. We address this gap in knowledge by investigating how gender moderates and mediates the influence of several sources of distress and resilience among 259 Afghan refugees residing in Northern California (USA). Gender moderated the effects of four factors on levels of distress. Intimate and extended family ties have little correlation with men's distress levels, but are strongly associated with lower distress for women. English ability is positively associated with lower distress for women, but not men. In terms of gender ideology, traditionally oriented women and egalitarian men have lower levels of distress. And experiencing greater dissonant acculturation increases distress for men, but not women. The influence of gender interaction terms is substantial and patterns may reflect difficulty adapting to a different gender order. Future studies of similar populations should investigate gender differences in sources of distress and resilience, and efforts to assist new arrivals might inform them of changes in gender roles they may experience, and facilitate opportunities to renegotiate gender roles.
近期研究强调了重新安置因素对在发达国家重新安置的难民心理健康的影响。然而，很少有研究探讨重新安置压力源的性质和影响以及恢复力来源方面的性别差异。我们通过调查性别如何调节和中介居住在美国北加利福尼亚的259名阿富汗难民中几种痛苦源和恢复力来源的影响，来填补这一知识空白。性别调节了四个因素对痛苦程度的影响。亲密和大家庭关系与男性的痛苦程度几乎没有关联，但与女性较低的痛苦程度密切相关。英语能力与女性较低的痛苦程度呈正相关，但与男性无关。在性别意识形态方面，传统取向的女性和平等主义的男性痛苦程度较低。经历更大程度的不一致文化适应会增加男性的痛苦，但不会增加女性的痛苦。性别交互项的影响很大，其模式可能反映了适应不同性别秩序的困难。未来对类似人群的研究应调查痛苦源和恢复力来源方面的性别差异，并且帮助新移民的努力可能会告知他们可能经历的性别角色变化，并促进重新协商性别角色的机会。
