Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
Institute for Electromagnetic Fields, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zürich), Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Fields at Work GmbH, Sonneggstrasse 60, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
Environ Int. 2017 Feb;99:303-314. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.008. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
Adolescents belong to the heaviest users of wireless communication devices, but little is known about their personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF).
The aim of this paper is to describe personal RF-EMF exposure of Swiss adolescents and evaluate exposure relevant factors. Furthermore, personal measurements were used to estimate average contributions of various sources to the total absorbed RF-EMF dose of the brain and the whole body.
Personal exposure was measured using a portable RF-EMF measurement device (ExpoM-RF) measuring 13 frequency bands ranging from 470 to 3600MHz. The participants carried the device for three consecutive days and kept a time-activity diary. In total, 90 adolescents aged 13 to 17years participated in the study conducted between May 2013 and April 2014. In addition, personal measurement values were combined with dose calculations for the use of wireless communication devices to quantify the contribution of various RF-EMF sources to the daily RF-EMF dose of adolescents.
Main contributors to the total personal RF-EMF measurements of 63.2μW/m (0.15V/m) were exposures from mobile phones (67.2%) and from mobile phone base stations (19.8%). WLAN at school and at home had little impact on the personal measurements (WLAN accounted for 3.5% of total personal measurements). According to the dose calculations, exposure from environmental sources (broadcast transmitters, mobile phone base stations, cordless phone base stations, WLAN access points, and mobile phones in the surroundings) contributed on average 6.0% to the brain dose and 9.0% to the whole-body dose.
RF-EMF exposure of adolescents is dominated by their own mobile phone use. Environmental sources such as mobile phone base stations play a minor role.
青少年是无线通信设备的重度使用者，但他们个人接触射频电磁场（RF-EMF）的情况鲜为人知。
本文旨在描述瑞士青少年的个人 RF-EMF 暴露情况，并评估相关暴露因素。此外，还利用个人测量值来估计各种源对大脑和全身吸收的 RF-EMF 剂量的平均贡献。
使用便携式 RF-EMF 测量设备（ExpoM-RF）进行个人暴露测量，该设备可测量 470 至 3600MHz 范围内的 13 个频率频段。参与者连续三天携带该设备并记录时间活动日记。共有 90 名 13 至 17 岁的青少年参加了 2013 年 5 月至 2014 年 4 月期间进行的这项研究。此外，还将个人测量值与无线通信设备使用的剂量计算相结合，以量化各种 RF-EMF 源对青少年日常 RF-EMF 剂量的贡献。
移动电话（67.2%）和移动电话基站（19.8%）暴露是导致青少年个人 RF-EMF 总测量值 63.2μW/m（0.15V/m）的主要因素。学校和家庭中的 WLAN 对个人测量值影响较小（WLAN 占个人总测量值的 3.5%）。根据剂量计算，环境源（广播发射机、移动电话基站、无绳电话基站、WLAN 接入点以及周围的移动电话）对大脑剂量的平均贡献为 6.0%，对全身剂量的贡献为 9.0%。
青少年的 RF-EMF 暴露主要由他们自己使用移动电话引起，移动电话基站等环境源的作用较小。
