Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd., Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, United States.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd., Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, United States.
Prev Med. 2017 Aug;101:223-228. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.047. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
The present research investigated a) the effects of psychological (e.g., depressive symptoms, delinquency) and neighborhood socioeconomic environmental factors (e.g., education, poverty, proportion of racial/ethnic minorities) on changes in smoking and sedentary behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood and b) whether there were any cross-level interactions based on socio-ecological models. A series of multilevel analyses (level-1: individual-level; level-2: neighborhood-level) were conducted with the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) wave I (1995) and wave III (2001) data among about 10,000 US adolescents. Adolescents' delinquency (but not depressive symptoms) predicted emerging adults' progression to daily smokers. Adolescents living in neighborhoods with more Hispanics reported being less likely to initiate smoking and progress to daily smoking during emerging adulthood. Adolescents living in neighborhoods with lower education levels reported more sedentary behaviors during emerging adulthood. However, there were no cross-level interactions between individual-level psychological factors and neighborhood-level environmental factors. Supporting the notion of socio-ecological models, not only psychological factors but also neighborhood environments warrant research attention to explain changes in risky health behaviors from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Theory-based research with appropriate characteristics across multiple levels is required to better understand emerging adults' risky health behaviors.
(a) 心理因素（如抑郁症状、犯罪行为）和邻里社会经济环境因素（如教育程度、贫困、少数族裔比例）对青少年到成年早期吸烟和久坐行为变化的影响；(b) 是否存在基于社会生态模型的跨层次交互作用。利用全国青少年纵向研究（Add Health）第一波（1995 年）和第三波（2001 年）的数据，对约 10000 名美国青少年进行了一系列多层次分析（水平 1：个体水平；水平 2：邻里水平）。青少年的犯罪行为（而非抑郁症状）预测了成年早期青少年向每日吸烟者的转变。生活在西班牙裔人口较多的邻里的青少年在成年早期开始吸烟和发展为每日吸烟者的可能性较低。生活在教育水平较低的邻里的青少年在成年早期的久坐行为较多。然而，个体心理因素和邻里环境因素之间没有跨层次的相互作用。支持社会生态模型的观点，不仅心理因素，而且邻里环境都需要研究关注，以解释从青少年到成年早期的危险健康行为的变化。需要在多个层次上具有适当特征的基于理论的研究，以更好地理解成年早期的危险健康行为。
