Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA.
Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 24;19(5):2647. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052647.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and sex differences in the growth patterns of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) from middle adolescence (around age 15) to emerging adulthood (18-29 years old). We used the secondary data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health's (Add Health) publicly accessible database. MVPA and SB were assessed four times (1995, 1996, 2000-2001, and 2008-2009) for a total of 681 individuals from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. Latent class growth modeling was utilized to identify heterogeneous growth patterns in MVPA and SB. Chi-square tests were used to assess group dependence and sex differences in MVPA and SB growth patterns. Seven quadratic growth patterns for MVPA and two linear growth patterns for SB were found. Both MVPA and SB growth patterns exhibited slow or rapid rate of change at different periods of adolescence and emerging adulthood. MVPA growth patterns included: decline (slow)-and-rise (rapid), rise-and-decline (both rapid), decline-and-rise (both rapid), consistently low, consistently high, decline (rapid)-and-decline (slow), and decline (rapid)-and-rise (slow). SB growth patterns included: consistently low (slow decline) and consistently high (rapid decline). While women were more likely to be involved in consistently low group for MVPA and consistently low (slow decline) group for SB, men were more likely to be involved in rise-and-decline (both rapid) group, consistently high group, and decline (rapid)-and-rise (slow) group for MVPA and consistently high (rapid decline) group for SB. SB growth patterns were independent of MVPA growth patterns. SB should not be assumed to decrease as a result of MVPA intervention. Treatment of MVPA should prioritize adolescence over emerging adulthood, with an emphasis on preventing men's MVPA levels from decreasing in emerging adulthood and increasing women's overall MVPA levels.
本研究旨在探讨从中年青春期（约 15 岁）到成年早期（18-29 岁）期间，中高强度身体活动（MVPA）和久坐行为（SB）的增长模式及其性别差异。我们使用了全国青少年健康纵向研究（Add Health）公开数据库的二次数据。MVPA 和 SB 共评估了 4 次（1995 年、1996 年、2000-2001 年和 2008-2009 年），共涉及 681 名从中年青春期到成年早期的个体。采用潜在类别增长模型来识别 MVPA 和 SB 中异质的增长模式。卡方检验用于评估 MVPA 和 SB 增长模式的群体依赖性和性别差异。发现 MVPA 有 7 种二次增长模式和 SB 有 2 种线性增长模式。MVPA 和 SB 的增长模式在青春期和成年早期的不同时期都表现出缓慢或快速的变化率。MVPA 增长模式包括：下降（缓慢）-上升（快速）、上升-下降（均快速）、下降-上升（均快速）、持续低、持续高、下降（快速）-下降（缓慢）和下降（快速）-上升（缓慢）。SB 增长模式包括：持续低（缓慢下降）和持续高（快速下降）。虽然女性更有可能参与 MVPA 的持续低组和 SB 的持续低（缓慢下降）组，但男性更有可能参与 MVPA 的上升-下降（均快速）组、持续高组和下降（快速）-上升（缓慢）组以及 SB 的持续高（快速下降）组。SB 增长模式与 MVPA 增长模式无关。不应假设 SB 会随着 MVPA 干预而减少。MVPA 的治疗应优先考虑青春期，而不是成年早期，重点是防止男性在成年早期的 MVPA 水平下降，并提高女性的整体 MVPA 水平。
