“我刚刚没这么说过吗？”比较家长报告和自发言语作为语法发展指标的情况。
"Didn't I just say that?" Comparing parent report and spontaneous speech as indicators of grammatical development.
作者信息
Jyotishi Manya, Fein Deborah A, Naigles Letitia R
机构信息
Department of Psychology Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
Department of Psychology Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
出版信息
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Feb;61:32-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.013. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
BACKGROUND
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales use parental report to examine communication and social skills in children with typical and atypical development, and exhibit high reliability when compared against overall direct testing. However, findings are mixed comparing Vineland communication/language scores with experimenter-administered tests of language.
METHODS
The current study breaks new ground in comparing Vineland reports with direct observation of children's speech by (a) individual items and (b) level of child functioning, focusing on usage of wh-questions, verb tenses, negation, pronouns and noun-verb combinations. Both 'high-verbal' (HV) and 'middle-verbal' (MV) children with ASD are included, as well as a language-matched TD group.
RESULTS
The results revealed that parent report on the Vineland varies in accuracy of capturing the production of grammatical items by young children with ASD and TD children. While parents' assessment of their child's production of noun-verb combinations and 'who/why' was highly accurate, children's production of pronouns was under-rated by parents. Additionally, parents of HV children also under-rated their child's production of past regular verbs.
CONCLUSION
Underestimation of these grammatical elements could lead to mistaken conclusions about their development in ASD or in individual children.
背景
《温兰德适应行为量表》通过家长报告来考察发育正常和发育异常儿童的沟通及社交技能，与全面的直接测试相比，该量表具有较高的信度。然而，将温兰德沟通/语言得分与实验者实施的语言测试相比较时，结果却参差不齐。
方法
本研究在将温兰德报告与对儿童言语的直接观察进行比较方面开辟了新领域，具体如下：(a) 单个项目；(b) 儿童功能水平，重点关注特殊疑问句、动词时态、否定、代词以及名词-动词组合的使用情况。研究纳入了患有自闭症的“高语言能力”（HV）和“中等语言能力”（MV）儿童，以及一个语言匹配的发育正常对照组。
结果
结果显示，在自闭症儿童和发育正常儿童语法项目产出的捕捉准确性方面，温兰德量表中的家长报告存在差异。虽然家长对孩子名词-动词组合以及“谁/为什么”产出的评估非常准确，但家长对孩子代词产出的评估偏低。此外，高语言能力儿童的家长对孩子过去式规则动词产出的评估也偏低。
结论
对这些语法元素的低估可能会导致对自闭症或个别儿童的语法发展得出错误结论。
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