Wang A H, Leng P B, Bian G L, Li X H, Mao G C, Zhang M B
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2016 Oct 20;34(10):756-761. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.10.008.
To explore the applicability of 2 different models of occupational health risk assessment in wooden furniture manufacturing industry. American EPA inhalation risk model and ICMM model of occupational health risk assessment were conducted to assess occupational health risk in a small wooden furniture enterprises, respectively. There was poor protective measure and equipment of occupational disease in the plant. The concentration of wood dust in the air of two workshops was over occupational exposure limit (OEL) , and the was 8.9 mg/m and 3.6 mg/m, respectively. According to EPA model, the workers who exposed to benzene in this plant had high risk (9.7×10 ~34.3×10) of leukemia, and who exposed to formaldehyde had high risk (11.4 × 10) of squamous cell carcinoma. There were inconsistent evaluation results using the ICMM tools of standard-based matrix and calculated risk rating. There were very high risks to be attacked by rhinocarcinoma of the workers who exposed to wood dust for the tool of calculated risk rating, while high risk for the tool of standard-based matrix. For the workers who exposed to noise, risk of noise-induced deafness was unacceptable and medium risk using two tools, respectively. Both EPA model and ICMM model can appropriately predict and assessthe occupational health risk in wooden furniture manufactory, ICMM due to the relatively simple operation, easy evaluation parameters, assessment of occupational diseaseinductive factors comprehensively, and more suitable for wooden furniture production enterprise.
探讨两种不同职业健康风险评估模型在木制家具制造业中的适用性。分别采用美国环保署吸入风险模型和国际采矿与金属理事会职业健康风险评估模型，对某小型木制家具企业的职业健康风险进行评估。该工厂职业病防护措施和设备较差。两个车间空气中木粉尘浓度均超过职业接触限值（OEL），分别为8.9毫克/立方米和3.6毫克/立方米。根据美国环保署模型，该工厂接触苯的工人患白血病风险高（9.7×10~34.3×10），接触甲醛的工人患鳞状细胞癌风险高（11.4×10）。使用基于标准矩阵的ICMM工具和计算风险评级得出的评估结果不一致。对于接触木粉尘的工人，使用计算风险评级工具时患鼻癌风险极高，而使用基于标准矩阵的工具时为高风险。对于接触噪声的工人，使用两种工具时噪声性耳聋风险均不可接受且分别为中度风险。美国环保署模型和ICMM模型均能适当预测和评估木制家具制造厂的职业健康风险，ICMM模型操作相对简单，评估参数容易，能全面评估职业病诱发因素，更适合木制家具生产企业。
