Garcia-Hartmann M, Hennequin C, Catteau S, Béatini C, Blanc V
Centre de recherche pour la conservation, Marineland, 306, avenue Mozart, 06600 Antibes, France.
Service de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France.
J Mycol Med. 2017 Mar;27(1):113-118. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
Various yeasts and filamentous fungi are described as the cause of infection in sea turtles. Among them, Fusarium solani is responsible both for superficial and invasive infection in weakened adults (capture, stranding), and wild nest contamination, causing massive losses during hatching. We illustrate the pathogenicity of this fungus in sea turtles, through our experience with the species Caretta caretta (loggerhead turtle) and its reproduction, which was obtained for the first time in 2010 at the marine park Marineland, Antibes and renewed in 2011 and 2013. The first generation (6 viable newborns e.g. 0.9% of the nest) was severely affected by an infectious agent causing skin and multifocal organ lesions. Microbiological samples allowed to establish F. solani as the etiological agent. Antifungal therapy with posaconazole cured 2 (33%) of the brood. Epidemiological investigations, infection control and hygiene measures as well as diagnosis criteria, preemptive and curative treatment procedures allowed better prevention and cure and finally higher survival rates in subsequent broods, in 2011 and 2013 (80 viable newborns e.g. 6.6% of the nest and 50% survival rate). F. solani appears as a major threat for the successful reproduction of sea turtles in the wild. As observed, this threat is also of concern during captive breeding. The conditions of transmission and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. in these animals are discussed in light of the literature cases that occurred in adult sea turtles and in wild nests, and of our breeding experience.
多种酵母和丝状真菌被认为是海龟感染的病因。其中，茄病镰刀菌既会导致体弱的成年海龟（捕获、搁浅）出现浅表和侵袭性感染，也会污染野生巢穴，在孵化期间造成大量损失。我们通过对蠵龟（Caretta caretta）及其繁殖情况的研究，阐述了这种真菌对海龟的致病性。该研究于2010年首次在昂蒂布海洋乐园（Marineland）海洋公园开展，并于2011年和2013年进行了更新。第一代（6只存活的新生海龟，占巢穴的0.9%）受到一种感染因子的严重影响，导致皮肤和多灶性器官病变。微生物样本检测确定茄病镰刀菌为病原体。泊沙康唑抗真菌治疗使一窝中的2只（33%）治愈。流行病学调查、感染控制和卫生措施以及诊断标准、预防性和治疗性程序，使得在2011年和2013年后续窝次中能更好地预防和治疗，最终提高了存活率（80只存活的新生海龟，占巢穴的6.6%，存活率为50%）。茄病镰刀菌似乎是野生海龟成功繁殖的主要威胁。如我们所观察到的，这种威胁在圈养繁殖期间也令人担忧。结合成年海龟和野生巢穴中发生的文献病例以及我们的繁殖经验，讨论了镰刀菌属在这些动物中的传播条件和致病性。
