Demiral Şükrü Barış, Golosheykin Simon, Anokhin Andrey P
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2017 May;115:133-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.013. Epub 2016 Dec 31.
Detection and evaluation of the mismatch between the intended and actually obtained result of an action (reward prediction error) is an integral component of adaptive self-regulation of behavior. Extensive human and animal research has shown that evaluation of action outcome is supported by a distributed network of brain regions in which the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a central role, and the integration of distant brain regions into a unified feedback-processing network is enabled by long-range phase synchronization of cortical oscillations in the theta band. Neural correlates of feedback processing are associated with individual differences in normal and abnormal behavior, however, little is known about the role of genetic factors in the cerebral mechanisms of feedback processing. Here we examined genetic influences on functional cortical connectivity related to prediction error in young adult twins (age 18, n=399) using event-related EEG phase coherence analysis in a monetary gambling task. To identify prediction error-specific connectivity pattern, we compared responses to loss and gain feedback. Monetary loss produced a significant increase of theta-band synchronization between the frontal midline region and widespread areas of the scalp, particularly parietal areas, whereas gain resulted in increased synchrony primarily within the posterior regions. Genetic analyses showed significant heritability of frontoparietal theta phase synchronization (24 to 46%), suggesting that individual differences in large-scale network dynamics are under substantial genetic control. We conclude that theta-band synchronization of brain oscillations related to negative feedback reflects genetically transmitted differences in the neural mechanisms of feedback processing. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for genetic influences on task-related functional brain connectivity assessed using direct real-time measures of neuronal synchronization.
检测和评估行为的预期结果与实际获得结果之间的不匹配（奖励预测误差）是行为适应性自我调节的一个重要组成部分。广泛的人类和动物研究表明，行动结果的评估由一个分布式的脑区网络支持，其中前扣带回皮质（ACC）起着核心作用，而远距离脑区整合到一个统一的反馈处理网络是通过θ波段皮质振荡的长程相位同步实现的。反馈处理的神经关联与正常和异常行为中的个体差异相关，然而，关于遗传因素在反馈处理的脑机制中的作用知之甚少。在这里，我们使用货币赌博任务中的事件相关脑电图相位相干分析，研究了年轻成年双胞胎（18岁，n = 399）中与预测误差相关的功能性皮质连接的遗传影响。为了识别特定于预测误差的连接模式，我们比较了对损失和收益反馈的反应。货币损失导致额中线区域与头皮广泛区域，特别是顶叶区域之间的θ波段同步显著增加，而收益主要导致后部区域内同步增加。遗传分析显示额顶叶θ相位同步具有显著的遗传性（24%至46%），表明大规模网络动态中的个体差异受到大量遗传控制。我们得出结论，与负反馈相关的脑振荡的θ波段同步反映了反馈处理神经机制中遗传传递的差异。据我们所知，这是关于使用神经元同步的直接实时测量评估遗传对任务相关功能性脑连接影响的首个证据。
