Neta Maital, Miezin Francis M, Nelson Steven M, Dubis Joseph W, Dosenbach Nico U F, Schlaggar Bradley L, Petersen Steven E
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588,
Departments of Neurology, Radiology, Departments of Psychology and.
J Neurosci. 2015 Jan 7;35(1):253-66. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1313-14.2015.
A number of studies have focused on the role of specific brain regions, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during trials on which participants make errors, whereas others have implicated a host of more widely distributed regions in the human brain. Previous work has proposed that there are multiple cognitive control networks, raising the question of whether error-related activity can be found in each of these networks. Thus, to examine error-related activity broadly, we conducted a meta-analysis consisting of 12 tasks that included both error and correct trials. These tasks varied by stimulus input (visual, auditory), response output (button press, speech), stimulus category (words, pictures), and task type (e.g., recognition memory, mental rotation). We identified 41 brain regions that showed a differential fMRI BOLD response to error and correct trials across a majority of tasks. These regions displayed three unique response profiles: (1) fast, (2) prolonged, and (3) a delayed response to errors, as well as a more canonical response to correct trials. These regions were found mostly in several control networks, each network predominantly displaying one response profile. The one exception to this "one network, one response profile" observation is the frontoparietal network, which showed prolonged response profiles (all in the right hemisphere), and fast profiles (all but one in the left hemisphere). We suggest that, in the place of a single localized error mechanism, these findings point to a large-scale set of error-related regions across multiple systems that likely subserve different functions.
一些研究聚焦于特定脑区的作用，比如在参与者犯错的试验中背侧前扣带回皮层的作用，而其他研究则表明人类大脑中有许多分布更广的区域也与此有关。此前的研究提出存在多个认知控制网络，这就引发了一个问题，即这些网络中的每一个是否都能发现与错误相关的活动。因此，为了广泛地研究与错误相关的活动，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，该分析包含12项任务，其中既有错误试验也有正确试验。这些任务在刺激输入（视觉、听觉）、反应输出（按键、言语）、刺激类别（单词、图片）和任务类型（例如，识别记忆、心理旋转）方面各不相同。我们确定了41个脑区，这些脑区在大多数任务中对错误试验和正确试验表现出不同的功能磁共振成像血氧水平依赖（fMRI BOLD）反应。这些区域呈现出三种独特的反应模式：（1）快速型，（2）持续型，以及（3）对错误的延迟反应型，还有对正确试验的更典型反应型。这些区域大多位于几个控制网络中，每个网络主要呈现一种反应模式。“一个网络，一种反应模式”这一观察结果的唯一例外是额顶叶网络，该网络呈现出持续反应模式（均在右半球）和快速反应模式（除一个外均在左半球）。我们认为，这些发现表明，并不存在单一的局部错误机制，而是指向多个系统中一大组与错误相关的区域，这些区域可能发挥不同的功能。
