Barnes J Matthew, Przybyla Laralynne, Weaver Valerie M
Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Cell Sci. 2017 Jan 1;130(1):71-82. doi: 10.1242/jcs.191742.
All cells sense and integrate mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment to orchestrate organismal development and maintain tissue homeostasis. Mechanotransduction is the evolutionarily conserved process whereby mechanical force is translated into biochemical signals that can influence cell differentiation, survival, proliferation and migration to change tissue behavior. Not surprisingly, disease develops if these mechanical cues are abnormal or are misinterpreted by the cells - for example, when interstitial pressure or compression force aberrantly increases, or the extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormally stiffens. Disease might also develop if the ability of cells to regulate their contractility becomes corrupted. Consistently, disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, fibrosis and cancer, are characterized by dramatic changes in cell and tissue mechanics, and dysregulation of forces at the cell and tissue level can activate mechanosignaling to compromise tissue integrity and function, and promote disease progression. In this Commentary, we discuss the impact of cell and tissue mechanics on tissue homeostasis and disease, focusing on their role in brain development, homeostasis and neural degeneration, as well as in brain cancer.
所有细胞都能感知并整合来自其周围环境的机械和生化信号，以协调机体发育并维持组织稳态。机械转导是一个进化上保守的过程，通过该过程，机械力被转化为生化信号，这些信号可影响细胞分化、存活、增殖和迁移，从而改变组织行为。毫不奇怪，如果这些机械信号异常或被细胞错误解读，疾病就会发生——例如，当间质压力或压缩力异常增加，或细胞外基质（ECM）异常变硬时。如果细胞调节其收缩性的能力受损，疾病也可能发生。同样，诸如心血管疾病、纤维化和癌症等疾病状态的特征是细胞和组织力学发生显著变化，细胞和组织水平的力调节异常可激活机械信号传导，损害组织完整性和功能，并促进疾病进展。在本评论中，我们讨论细胞和组织力学对组织稳态和疾病的影响，重点关注它们在脑发育、稳态和神经退行性变以及脑癌中的作用。
