Kim So-Ra, Kim Eun-Hee
a Radiation Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Engineering , Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2017 May;93(5):517-526. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1276309. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Melanoma is mainly treated by surgery and rarely with radiation because of the high radioresistance of this tumor. Nevertheless, radiotherapy is the preferred treatment modality for unresectable lesions and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement caused by surgical excision. This study investigated the therapeutic advantage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for kilovoltage X-ray treatment of melanoma.
Commercial AuNPs were evaluated for cytotoxicity and cellular internalization. The sensitivity of human skin melanoma cells to 150 and 450 kVp X-ray exposure was assessed in terms of clonogenicity with or without spherical AuNP treatment.
AuNP treatment elicited dose enhancement effect on melanoma cells exposed to kilovoltage X-rays. Treatment with 320 μM 50 nm AuNPs before exposure to 150 kVp X-rays at 2 Gy resulted in clonogenic cell death equivalent to that caused by 4.3 Gy X-rays without AuNP treatment.
AuNPs of 50 nm in size can regulate melanoma cells in kilovoltage X-ray treatment by functioning as dose-enhancement agent and thus improving radioresponse of the cells. Melanomas of stages T1-T3 gain therapeutic benefits from 150 kVp X-ray treatment.
黑色素瘤主要通过手术治疗，由于该肿瘤具有高放射抗性，很少采用放射治疗。然而，放射治疗是不可切除病变的首选治疗方式，且可避免手术切除导致的美容缺陷。本研究调查了金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）在千伏级X射线治疗黑色素瘤中的治疗优势。
评估市售AuNPs的细胞毒性和细胞内化情况。通过克隆形成实验评估人皮肤黑色素瘤细胞在有无球形AuNP处理的情况下对千伏级X射线（150和450 kVp）照射的敏感性。
AuNP处理对暴露于千伏级X射线的黑色素瘤细胞产生剂量增强效应。在暴露于2 Gy的150 kVp X射线之前，用320 μM 50 nm的AuNPs处理导致克隆形成细胞死亡，相当于未用AuNP处理时4.3 Gy X射线所导致的细胞死亡。
50 nm大小的AuNPs在千伏级X射线治疗中可作为剂量增强剂调节黑色素瘤细胞，从而提高细胞的放射反应。T1 - T3期黑色素瘤可从150 kVp X射线治疗中获益。
