Colletti Marta, Paolo Virginia Di, Galardi Angela, Milano Giuseppe Maria, Mastronuzzi Angela, Locatelli Franco, Di Giannatale Angela
Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS-Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Rome. Italy.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2017;17(10):1328-1343. doi: 10.2174/1871520617666170103101141.
Recent advances in the treatment of pediatric tumors led to an improvement of survival in this population. As a result, many pediatric survivors experience long-term effects that impact their quality of life. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify new treatment approaches that may target the tumor minimizing the drug-related side effects. Over the past 10 years, remarkable advances in nanomedicine have provided several potential tools for cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing interest towards therapeutic nanocarriers in the pediatric field, since they represent a new strategy to enhance the drug efficacy and reduce the toxicity. Various nanoformulations have been developed to improve the targeting and the release of antitumor compound to cancer cells in pediatric tumors and clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing. Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Thanks to to their intrinsic cell targeting properties, stability in the circulation, and bio-compatibility, they are emerging as new promising vehicles both for drugs and biological therapeutics. Moreover, these nanovesicles are a reservoir of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this review, we describe recent advances in the treatment of pediatric tumors through nanodelivery system with particular attention to neuroblastoma, soft-tissues/bone sarcomas and pediatric brain tumors. Furthermore, we explore the potential role of exosomes as an effective option of nanodelivery providing insights into their characteristics in pediatric tumors and their use in adult clinical trials.
儿科肿瘤治疗的最新进展提高了该群体的生存率。因此，许多儿科幸存者经历了影响其生活质量的长期影响。所以，确定可能靶向肿瘤同时将药物相关副作用降至最低的新治疗方法极为重要。在过去10年中，纳米医学取得了显著进展，为癌症治疗提供了几种潜在工具。最近，儿科领域对治疗性纳米载体的兴趣日益浓厚，因为它们代表了一种提高药物疗效和降低毒性的新策略。已经开发了各种纳米制剂来改善儿科肿瘤中抗肿瘤化合物对癌细胞的靶向作用和释放，并且已经进行或正在进行临床试验。外泌体是纳米级囊泡，在介导细胞间通讯中起关键作用。由于其固有的细胞靶向特性、在循环中的稳定性和生物相容性，它们正成为药物和生物治疗的新的有前景的载体。此外，这些纳米囊泡是潜在诊断和预后标志物的储存库。在本综述中，我们描述了通过纳米递送系统治疗儿科肿瘤的最新进展，特别关注神经母细胞瘤、软组织/骨肉瘤和儿科脑肿瘤。此外，我们探讨了外泌体作为纳米递送有效选择的潜在作用，深入了解它们在儿科肿瘤中的特征及其在成人临床试验中的应用。
