Citrome Leslie
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,New York Medical College,Valhalla,New York,USA.
CNS Spectr. 2016 Dec;21(S1):1-12. doi: 10.1017/S1092852916000729.
There are several new and emerging medication interventions for both the acute and maintenance treatment phases of schizophrenia. Recently approved are 2 new dopamine receptor partial agonists, brexpiprazole and cariprazine, as well as 2 new long-acting injectable antipsychotic formulations, aripiprazole lauroxil and 3-month paliperidone palmitate. Although differences in efficacy compared to other available choices are not expected, the new oral options offer different tolerability profiles that may be attractive for individual patients who have had difficulties with older medications. The new long-acting injectable options provide additional flexibility in terms of increasing the time interval between injections. In Phase III of clinical development is a novel antipsychotic, lumateperone (ITI-007), that appears to have little in the way of significant adverse effects. Deutetrabenazine and valbenazine are agents in Phase III for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, a condition that can be found among persons receiving chronic antipsychotic therapy. On the horizon are additional injectable formulations of familiar antipsychotics, aripiprazole and risperidone, that may be more convenient than what is presently available.
对于精神分裂症的急性期和维持期治疗，有几种新出现的药物干预措施。最近获批的有两种新型多巴胺受体部分激动剂，即布雷哌唑和卡立哌嗪，以及两种新型长效注射用抗精神病制剂，即阿立哌唑长效注射剂和三个月棕榈酸帕利哌酮。尽管预计与其他现有选择相比疗效上没有差异，但新的口服药物提供了不同的耐受性特征，这对于使用旧药物有困难的个体患者可能具有吸引力。新的长效注射剂在增加注射间隔时间方面提供了更大的灵活性。处于临床开发三期的是一种新型抗精神病药物鲁马哌酮（ITI-007），它似乎几乎没有明显的不良反应。氘代丁苯那嗪和丙戊苯那嗪处于治疗迟发性运动障碍的三期临床试验阶段，这种病症可在接受慢性抗精神病治疗的患者中出现。即将出现的还有熟悉的抗精神病药物阿立哌唑和利培酮的其他注射制剂，它们可能比现有制剂更方便。
