Hall Geoffrey, Rodríguez Gabriel
Department of Psychology.
Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2017 Jan;43(1):48-61. doi: 10.1037/xan0000129.
Repeated presentation of a single stimulus produces habituation-engages a learning process that results in a reduction of the ability of the stimulus to evoke its customary response. Repeated stimulus presentation is a feature of the standard procedure for classical conditioning, although, in this case, subjects experience repeated presentations of 2 stimuli occurring in sequence: S1-S2. We ask how habituation to each of these stimuli (S1 and S2) is influenced by this form of sequential presentation and what implications any effects might have for the understanding of both conditioning and habituation itself. Our review of the experimental evidence demonstrates no clear effect on habituation to S2 of preceding this stimulus with S1. Habituation to S1, however, is attenuated or prevented by the occurrence of S2: Some orienting responses are maintained when S2 follows S1 inconsistently; other responses (habituation of which may be taken to indicate a reduction in the effective salience of the stimulus) are maintained when a salient S2 reliably follows S1. We discuss the implications of these changes in the properties of S1 for associative theories of conditioning and, in particular, for the proposal that the rules that govern changes in the associability of a stimulus differ from those governing changes in its effective salience. (PsycINFO Database Record
单一刺激的重复呈现会产生习惯化——引发一个学习过程，该过程会导致刺激唤起其习惯性反应的能力下降。重复刺激呈现是经典条件作用标准程序的一个特征，不过，在这种情况下，受试者会经历依次出现的两种刺激的重复呈现：S1 - S2。我们探究这种序列呈现形式如何影响对这些刺激（S1和S2）中每一个的习惯化，以及任何影响可能对理解条件作用和习惯化本身有何意义。我们对实验证据的综述表明，在S1之前呈现S2对S2的习惯化没有明显影响。然而，S2的出现会减弱或阻止对S1的习惯化：当S2不一致地跟随S1时，一些定向反应会持续；当一个显著的S2可靠地跟随S1时，其他反应（其习惯化可能被视为表明刺激的有效显著性降低）会持续。我们讨论了S1属性的这些变化对条件作用联想理论的意义，特别是对关于支配刺激可联想性变化的规则不同于支配其有效显著性变化的规则这一观点的意义。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
