Lv Junping, Feng Jia, Liu Qi, Xie Shulian
School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan 1;18(1):79. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010079.
Eutrophication of water catchments and the greenhouse effect are major challenges in developing the global economy in the near future. Secondary effluents, containing high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, need further treatment before being discharged into receiving water bodies. At the same time, new environmentally friendly energy sources need to be developed. Integrating microalgal cultivation for the production of biodiesel feedstock with the treatment of secondary effluent is one way of addressing both issues. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress in microalgal cultivation in secondary effluent to remove pollutants and accumulate lipids. Researchers have discovered that microalgae remove nitrogen and phosphorus effectively from secondary effluent, accumulating biomass and lipids in the process. Immobilization of appropriate microalgae, and establishing a consortium of microalgae and/or bacteria, were both found to be feasible ways to enhance pollutant removal and lipid production. Demonstrations of pilot-scale microalgal cultures in secondary effluent have also taken place. However there is still much work to be done in improving pollutants removal, biomass production, and lipid accumulation in secondary effluent. This includes screening microalgae, constructing the consortium, making use of flue gas and nitrogen, developing technologies related to microalgal harvesting, and using lipid-extracted algal residues (LEA).
集水区的富营养化和温室效应是近期全球经济发展面临的主要挑战。含有大量氮和磷的二级废水在排放到受纳水体之前需要进一步处理。与此同时，需要开发新的环境友好型能源。将用于生产生物柴油原料的微藻培养与二级废水处理相结合是解决这两个问题的一种方法。本文全面综述了利用二级废水培养微藻以去除污染物和积累脂质的最新进展。研究人员发现，微藻能有效去除二级废水中的氮和磷，并在此过程中积累生物质和脂质。固定合适的微藻以及建立微藻和/或细菌的共生体，都被认为是提高污染物去除率和脂质产量的可行方法。也已开展了在二级废水中进行中试规模微藻培养的示范项目。然而，在提高二级废水中污染物去除率、生物质产量和脂质积累方面仍有许多工作要做。这包括筛选微藻、构建共生体、利用烟道气和氮气、开发与微藻收获相关的技术以及利用脂质提取后的藻类残渣（LEA）。
