Moll Ulrika, Olsson Håkan, Landin-Olsson Mona
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 3;12(1):e0168543. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168543. eCollection 2017.
The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of maternal BMI at start of pregnancy and maternal weight gain during pregnancy on the risk of various diseases later in life.
In a population-based cohort from southern Sweden, women with at least one delivery registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register ten or more years before answering a health questionnaire were identified (n = 13,608). Complete data were found in 3,539 women.
Women with BMI >25 at start of pregnancy had increased risk of developing obesity (OR 21.9), diabetes (OR 6.4), cardiac disease (OR 2.7), endocrine diseases (OR 2.3), and other morbidity (OR 1.4), compared with women of normal weight. A high weight gain (>15 kg) during pregnancy was associated to later risk of overweight (OR 2.0) and obesity (OR 2.2), but not diabetes, cardiac disease, or endocrine diseases. A positive association was found between low weight gain and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders (OR 1.6).
A high BMI at start of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of several diseases later in life. However, a high weight gain during pregnancy was only significant for future overweight and obesity. These findings have implications for both pregestational intervention and post gestational follow up of obese and overweight women.
本研究旨在分析妊娠开始时孕妇体重指数（BMI）及孕期体重增加对其日后患各种疾病风险的影响。
在瑞典南部一个基于人群的队列研究中，确定那些在回答健康调查问卷前至少十年在瑞典医学出生登记处有过一次分娩记录的女性（n = 13,608）。在3539名女性中发现了完整的数据。
与体重正常的女性相比，妊娠开始时BMI>25的女性患肥胖症（比值比[OR] 21.9）、糖尿病（OR 6.4）、心脏病（OR 2.7）、内分泌疾病（OR 2.3）及其他疾病（OR 1.4）的风险增加。孕期体重增加过多（>15 kg）与日后超重（OR 2.0）及肥胖（OR 2.2）风险相关，但与糖尿病、心脏病或内分泌疾病无关。发现孕期体重增加过少与患精神疾病风险呈正相关（OR 1.6）。
妊娠开始时高BMI显著增加日后患多种疾病的风险。然而，孕期体重增加过多仅对未来超重和肥胖有显著影响。这些发现对肥胖和超重女性的孕前干预及产后随访均有启示。
