Rugg-Gunn Peter
Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2017 Jan 3;2017(1):2017/1/pdb.prot093963. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot093963.
Whereas embryonic stem (ES) cells are isolated from the embryonic lineage of the blastocyst, other stable stem cell lines can be derived from the extraembryonic tissues of the early mouse embryo. Trophoblast stem (TS) cells are derived from trophectoderm and early postimplantation trophoblast, and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells are derived from primitive endoderm. The derivation of XEN cell lines from 3.5-dpc mouse blastocysts, described here, is similar to the derivation of TS cell lines. TS and XEN cells can self-renew in vitro and differentiate in vitro and in chimeras (in vivo) in a lineage-appropriate manner, showing the developmental potential of their origin, thus providing important models to study the mouse extraembryonic lineages.
胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）是从囊胚的胚胎谱系中分离出来的，而其他稳定的干细胞系则可以从小鼠早期胚胎的胚外组织中获得。滋养层干细胞（TS细胞）来源于滋养外胚层和植入后早期滋养层，胚外内胚层干细胞（XEN细胞）来源于原始内胚层。本文所述的从3.5天龄小鼠囊胚中获得XEN细胞系的方法，与获得TS细胞系的方法相似。TS细胞和XEN细胞能够在体外自我更新，并在体外以及嵌合体（体内）中以与谱系相适应的方式分化，展现出其来源的发育潜能，从而为研究小鼠胚外谱系提供了重要模型。
