Ylilauri Maija Pt, Voutilainen Sari, Lönnroos Eija, Mursu Jaakko, Virtanen Heli Ek, Koskinen Timo T, Salonen Jukka T, Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka, Virtanen Jyrki K
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;105(2):476-484. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146753. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
There is little information about the associations of intakes of cholesterol and eggs, a major source of dietary cholesterol, with the risk of cognitive decline in general populations or in carriers of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APO-E4), a major risk factor for dementia.
We investigated the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with incident dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older men from Eastern Finland.
A total of 2497 dementia-free men, aged 42-60 y in 1984-1989 at the baseline examinations of the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, were included in the study. Information on the apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) phenotype was available for 1259 men. Data on cognitive performance tests at the 4-y re-examinations were available for 480 men. Dietary intakes were assessed with the use of 4-d food records at baseline. Dementia and AD diagnoses were based on Finnish health registers. Cox regression and ANCOVA were used for the analyses.
During the 21.9-y follow-up, 337 men were diagnosed with dementia, and 266 men were diagnosed with AD. Neither cholesterol nor egg intake was associated with a higher risk of incident dementia or AD. For example, when evaluated continuously, each intake of 100 mg cholesterol/d was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.02) for incident dementia, and each additional 0.5 egg (27 g)/d was associated with an HR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.01). However, egg intake was associated with better performance on neuropsychological tests of the frontal lobe and executive functioning, the Trail Making Test, and the Verbal Fluency Test. The Apo-E4 phenotype did not modify the associations of cholesterol or egg intake (P-interactions > 0.11).
Neither cholesterol nor egg intake is associated with an increased risk of incident dementia or AD in Eastern Finnish men. Instead, moderate egg intake may have a beneficial association with certain areas of cognitive performance.
关于胆固醇摄入量以及膳食胆固醇的主要来源——鸡蛋的摄入量，与普通人群或载脂蛋白Eɛ4（APO - E4，痴呆的主要风险因素）携带者认知功能下降风险之间的关联，相关信息较少。
我们调查了芬兰东部中年及老年男性中胆固醇和鸡蛋摄入量与新发痴呆、阿尔茨海默病（AD）及认知表现之间的关联。
在基于人群的前瞻性库奥皮奥缺血性心脏病风险因素研究的基线检查中，共有2497名年龄在42 - 60岁且无痴呆的男性纳入研究，研究时间为1984 - 1989年。1259名男性可获得载脂蛋白E（Apo - E）表型信息。480名男性可获得4年复查时认知表现测试的数据。基线时使用4天食物记录评估膳食摄入量。痴呆和AD诊断基于芬兰健康登记册。采用Cox回归和协方差分析进行分析。
在21.9年的随访期间，337名男性被诊断为痴呆，266名男性被诊断为AD。胆固醇和鸡蛋摄入量均与新发痴呆或AD的较高风险无关。例如，连续评估时，每日每摄入100mg胆固醇，新发痴呆的多变量调整风险比（HR）为0.90（95%置信区间：0.79，1.02），每日每额外摄入0.5个鸡蛋（27g），HR为0.89（95%置信区间：0.78，1.01）。然而，鸡蛋摄入量与额叶和执行功能的神经心理学测试、连线测验及语言流畅性测试中的较好表现相关。Apo - E4表型并未改变胆固醇或鸡蛋摄入量的关联（交互P值>0.11）。
在芬兰东部男性中，胆固醇和鸡蛋摄入量均与新发痴呆或AD的风险增加无关。相反，适度摄入鸡蛋可能与某些认知表现领域存在有益关联。
